AP Human Geography Vocabulary List 5

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.

Supply is a fundamental economic concept that describes the total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers. Supply can relate to the amount available at a specific price or the amount available across a range of prices if displayed on a graph.

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

Overvalued housing market due to financial derivatives created by US financial corporations. A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value.

Provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries. The extension of very small loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history; it is designed not only to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty, but also in many cases to empower women and uplift entire communities by extension

A declaration with the goal of improving the living conditions of people in the least developed countries. The goals were: (1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, (2) achieve universal primary education, (3) promote gender equality and empower women, (4) reduce child mortality, (5) improve maternal health, (6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, (7) ensure environmental sustainability, (8) develop a global partnership for development. an *international declaration improving the living conditions *by 2015

A measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country

Any source of energy that can be continually produced and is inexhaustible given current conditions.

Increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

A state or territory that is small in both size and population.

an undeveloped field of study

a venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives

to divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections

A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.

an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

states with a long, narrow shape

lacks a direct outlet to the sea because it is completely surrounded by several other countries