What is a geographical difference between southern Europe and northeastern Europe?
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Southern Europe has a large number of mountains, while northeastern Europe is mostly flat.
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In what way the area that makes up the country of Germany different now than it was in 1648?
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In 1648, it was divided into a number of small kingdoms.
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Which of the following can be concluded from the map above?
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Significant numbers of both Christians and Muslims populated the Ottoman Empire at the start of the 17th century.
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How does this map show that Europe has changed greatly since the 17th century?
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Many nations are now allied economically to avoid constant conflicts.
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Which explains a difference between the constitutional monarchy established in England and the absolute monarchy established in Spain?
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The powers among the political leaders in England were separated and shared, while the Spanish monarch held complete power over the people.
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How was James I's rule of England similar to Peter the Great's rule of Russia?
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Both increased their own power without approval by other government entities.
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How did Sir Francis Bacon's development of the scientific method make the Scientific Revolution possible?
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It established a rational, systematic methodology for research.
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How did Islamic influence during the Middle Ages contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
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The Islamic Empire placed great value on learning, and later European scientists were able to build on the advancements of Islamic scholars.
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The heliocentric model, represented above, is associated with which of the following figures?
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Nicholas Copernicus
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Use the biblical quotations below to answer the following question: 5 He set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved.-Psalm 104:5 5 The sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises.-Ecclesiastes 1:5 Based on the Biblical quotations above, why was the Catholic Church so opposed to the idea of heliocentrism?
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Because accepting heliocentrism implied that the Bible was inaccurate since the Bible seems to support geocentrism
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What astronomical model from the Renaissance is expressed in the image above?
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Geocentrism
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With what scientific discovery is Sir Isaac Newton most commonly associated?
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The Theory of Gravity
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Why is Sir Francis Bacon sometimes referred to as "The Father of Modern Science"?
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Bacon proposed the scientific method.
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How is the work of Rene Descartes related to that of Sir Isaac Newton?
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Descartes' developments in analytical geometry were used by Newton in his development of calculus and research into optics.
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How did Watson and Crick's discovery, shown above, advance knowledge of human life?
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It helped explain why people have certain characteristics.
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What present-day medical technology did Marie Curie's work help to develop?
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X-rays
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Who were the philosophes?
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Thinkers who believed that knowledge cannot extend past experience
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In addition to writing works on important issues, what was the most notable way in which educated wealthy women contributed to the Enlightenment?
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By hosting salons for intellectual discussion
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Which phenomenon among ordinary people most likely helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment?
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More people were able to read
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Which idea did David Hume contribute to both the philosophy and the science of the Enlightenment?
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Knowledge comes only from direct experience through our senses.
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How did the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau compare to those of John Locke?
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Both believed in the theory of a social contract.
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How did the ideals of Mary Wollstonecraft influence the later development of the Western world?
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Wollstonecraft's ideals helped lead to increased political power for women.
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In what way was the Constitution of the United States a product of the Enlightenment?
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It built upon the ideas of limiting government power and supporting individual rights.
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John Locke viewed the Social Contract as a choice or "consent of the governed", where the people possess the power to change government. How did Thomas Hobbes see the Social Contract?
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Man is born selfish, but can be protected by government.
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Which social class was most under attack during the French Revolution?
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The aristocracy
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The American Revolution greatly affected France. Which of the following was one of the effects?
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The French people were inspired to attempt a revolution of their own.
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The influence of John Locke's philosophy can be seen most clearly in which of the following quotations?
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Thomas Jefferson's phrase "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"
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Some historians argue that the French Revolution was more liberating than the American Revolution. What might be the basis for this argument?
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Slaves, in France, were granted limited citizenship following the French Revolution.
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Napoleon's goal in implementing the Continental System was to
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declare economic warfare against Great Britain
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The passage below is an excerpt from Robespierre's On the Moral and Political Principles of Domestic Policy (1794). Use this passage to answer the following question: Which statement best summarizes Robespierre's argument?
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Revolutions must be ruthless in destroying the enemies of the people.
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According to this map within which country did the renaissance originate.
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Italy
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According to the map why might Spain receive large numbers of north African immigrants each year?
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Spains location is in close proximity to north Africa
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Both Lutheranism and Calvinism arose around the same time. Based on the map above which religious belief appears to have been more successful by 1600?
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Lutheranism because it was practiced across a greater area
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Which of the following statements is supported by the line graph above?
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The age of exploration beginning in the 1400s lead to long-term population increase
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How did the absolute monarchy in 17th century Russia differ from the constitutional monarchy in 17th century England?
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In Russia the monarchy had to assert its dominant power to gain territory and improve the economy in England the monarchy depended on cooperation
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How did the monarchies of England and France affect their societies differently?
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Constitutional monarchy in England led to representative Government without a revolution or France required a revolution
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How did Europe's interaction with the Islamic world during the Middle Ages contribute to the later emergence of the Scientific Revolution?
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Islamic scholars translated and preserved many ancient Greek texts lost to Europe.
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What does this illustration suggest about the shift in people's thinking from the Middle Ages to the Scientific Revolution?
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It suggests that people began to believe in scientific explanations for what had previously been considered God's creations.
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Why were Copernicus's ideas about the universe unpopular with the accepted views of the Church?
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The Church believed that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
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How did scholars use mathematics to support the claims of the Scientific Revolution?
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By providing proof for theories that could not be physically demonstrated
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Newton concluded in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy that mathematics could be applied to almost everything in science and nature, similar to
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Descartes
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What discovery did Newton argue was a main force in the universe?
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Newton argued that all heavenly bodies have gravity.
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What did J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, and Niels Bohr have in common?
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They all worked together on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb.
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What contribution did Thomas Hobbes make to the Enlightenment?
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He developed a theory of the social contract.
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How did advancements in physics, chemistry, and astronomy help cause the Enlightenment?
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Enlightenment thinkers applied the scientific method to social problems.
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How did Adam Smith revolutionize economics?
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He developed the idea of the "invisible hand" of the free market, which continually keeps the economy on course.
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What attitude does Voltaire promote in this quote?
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Reliance on individual thought
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Which characteristic of the early United States reflected Enlightenment ideals?
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Checks and balances between branches of government
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In what way does this excerpt illustrate that the American break with Britain in 1776 was justified by using ideas rooted in the Enlightenment?
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It rejected the authority of the monarch as legitimate.
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How does this illustration demonstrate Enlightenment principles alive in France at that time?
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The painting demonstrates the Enlightenment idea that the people have the power to take action against an unjust government.
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Locke's quote inspired the participants in both the French and American revolutions. Which explains how Locke's words inspired the revolutionaries?
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Locke confirms that the people have the power to overturn the government if it does not work to meet the people's needs.
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What unexpected event following the French Revolution does this cartoon illustrate?
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The French Revolution eventually led to a military dictatorship.
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Why did the Estates-General of 1789 end in failure?
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The members of the Estates-General could not agree on how votes should be counted.
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Which line illustrates how the French people feel about their relationship to their country and national identity?
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Let us go, children of the fatherland
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Why did the French identify with Napoleon more than their previous rulers?
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He moved up through the ranks in the military, becoming a war hero.
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