World History Ch 9 -- Exam Review

1 September 2022
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question
In what year did Muhammad die?
answer
632
question
What group was the most important political and military force in pre-Islamic Arabia?
answer
Bedouin tribes
question
The presence of the Ka'ba attracted pilgrims to what city?
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Mecca
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Who dominated political affairs in northern and central Arabia before Muhammad?
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Warrior elite
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According to Muhammad, who visited him and commanded him to preach God's revelations?
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An angelic being
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The divine revelations of Muhammad are recorded in what Islamic holy book?
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Qur'an
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What are the collections of saying of or anecdotes about Muhammad called?
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Hadith
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the Sunna, or normative example, for a follower of Islam is based on the life of whom?
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Muhammad, the prophet
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According to the Qur' an and Muslim law, what kind of punishments were required for licentious behavior?
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Both men and women were to receive the same punishment
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The hijra of 622 occurred when Muhammad and his followers fled to what city?
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Medina
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According to Muhammad, what was the umma?
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A community of people who shared a religious faith and commitment.
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What empire was defeated by the Muslim army at the battle of Nihawand and ended in 642?
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Sassanid
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How did Muslims military elite ensure the remitment of troops and their loyalty?
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they provided soldiers with a monthly ration of food and an annual cash stipend
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How did the Qur'an influence the selection of Muhammad's successors
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It didn't. The Qur'an did not provide guidance for succession
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What was Abu Bakr elected first caliph?
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He was Muhammad's father-in-law and a close supporter
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what caliph issued the definitive text of the Qur'an?
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Uthman
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Who founded the Umayyad Dynasty
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Mu'awiya
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Which of the following gave rise to a fundamental division in the umma and in Muslim theology?
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The assassination of Ali and the assumption of the caliphate by Mu'awiya
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One division between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims is the question of who interprets the Qur'an and the Sunna. Who has the authority of the Shi'a?
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An imam
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Under the Abbasids and Harun al-Rashid, what role did the city of Baghdad play in the caliphate?
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The relatively new capital became a commercial, artistic, and scientific center.
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What important responsibilities did the vizier, or chief assistant to the caliph, posses?
answer
He was responsible for supervising the army and provincial governors.
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Weakness in the Abbasid Empire was revealed when Tahir did which of the following?
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Became governor of Khurasan and ruled in independently of Baghdad
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What is the term used for the leader of a Turkish state?
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Sultan
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how did the introduction of large numbers of Turks affect the Islamic world?
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The Turks brought badly needed military strength to the Islamic world
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For what was the Mongols leader Hülegü best remembered
answer
Leading the army that conquered Baghdad, ending the Abbasid caliphate
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According to the Qur'an, honor in the Muslim world was based on what?
answer
Piety
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Why were dhimmies, or protected people, allowed some religious freedom?
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They worshiped only one God
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What was life like for jews living under Islam?
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They participated fully in commercial and professional activities
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How did the Qur'an differ from the old and new testaments on the question of slavery?
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The Qur'an suggested that slavers should be allowed to buy their freedom
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Why were eunuchs allowed to serve in a variety of occupations in the Muslim world?
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They were viewed as more dependable and manageable
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How was slavery in the Islamic world different from the slavery later practiced in the Americans?
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In the Islamic world different from the slavery later practiced in the AMericans?
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What right did women have under pre-islamic Arab tribal law?
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Women had virtually no legal status or proterty or succession rights
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According to the text, the Qur'an's injections regarding the treatment of women
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were a substantial improvement on a earlier treatment of women.
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How many wives does the Qur'an allow a man to have?
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Four, as long as all are treated justly
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How did most muslims marriages come about?
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Marriages were arranged by families or guardians
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how did the Muslims traditions of veiling women likely originate
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The custom of veiling was probably of Byzantine or Persian origin
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Which of the following was true of the harem system
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by 800, women in more prosperous households stayed out of sight.
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What was the early Muslim attitude toward divorce?
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Divorce was allowed but not encouraged
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In Muslim society, how were merchants viewed?
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They were viewed as a respected part of society
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Muslims and Jewish merchants in the Indian Ocean trade used what language for commerce.
answer
Arabic
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Which of the following was an important financial innovation developed by Muslim merchants?
answer
They developed the joint stock company
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How did Muslims trade routes affect the development of agriculture?
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Extensive trade through Muslim Lands let to the spread of many useful plants like cotton, sugarcane, and rice.
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Which of the following was one of the 2 great centers of Muslim civilization in the 10th century?
answer
Córdoba
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Why were madrasas important to the Muslim world?
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They attempted to prepare men for religious and legal responsibilities.
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Under what circumstance could women in the Muslim world become educated?
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If her husband or male guardian encouraged it
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How was higher education in the Muslim world similar to that in China?
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Both systems viewed the personal relationship between teacher and student as key education.
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which of the following was a focus of the religious movement known as Sufism?
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Divine love and knowledge through intuition rather than rational deduction and study.
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which of the following describes the similarities between Islamic, European, and Chinese education system?
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All 3 required students to master a sacred language.
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After the eleventh century, a Muslim who converted to Christianity
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was immediately sentenced to death
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In the Christian West, where did Christians and Muslims have the greatest interactions?
answer
Andalusia