WIS Topic 7 -9 (Exercise 2)

TFM is a chemical once used to control

The four chordate characteristics are all visible in the adults of all chordate species

The currently accepted theory among biologists on the evolution of the vertebrates is based on _ _ _ _ _ hypothesis

The phylum Chordata is subdivided into _ _ _ _ _ subphyla

The Ostracoderms may have used their bony skin for _ _ _ _ _

Typically, invertebrates use their gills for _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ use slime production as a defense mechanism

Some species of _ _ _ _ _ are catadromous species

Lampreys are chiefly catadromous

The _ _ _ _ _ were the first vertebrates

All Chordates have _ _ _ _ _

When the Welland canal was deepened _ _ _ _ _ invaded Lake Erie

Modern hagfishes are found only in _ _ _ _ _ environments

Ostracoderms may have used the bone in their skin for _ _ _ _ _

In the vertebrates, the gills are internal and _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ refers to the developmental change from juvenile to adult

Scientists once though (incorrectly) that Amphioxus was a larval _________ that underwent paedomorphosis

There are about _ _ _ _ _ species of jawless vertebrates in the world today

_ _ _ _ _ is the phylum of Maine, acorn worms

The sea squirts belong to the subphylum _ _ _ _ _

All lampreys are parasitic

Amphioxus is a typical member of the subphylum _ _ _ _ _

The parasitic sea lamprey is characterized by having _ _ _ _ _

Fish that live in marine environments and ascend creeks and streams to breed are called _ _ _ _ _

When lampreys reached the upper Great Lakes the _ _ _ _ _ fishery collapsed

Natives on the Yukon river harvest nemeryaq which are actually ___________

The _ _ _ _ _ are Chordates that are sessile as adults and/but have a free-swimming larva

TFM may be replaced in the future by _ _ _ _ _

Sea Urchins belong to the phylum _ _ _ _ _

Among the vertebrates, a prominent notochord is found in adult members of the class _ _ _ _ _

Grass carp were introduced to the US to control

According to Swordfish USA about 2/3 of the swordfish consumed in the US comes from the _____ Ocean

There are possibly _ _ _ _ _ species of bony fishes

The "give a swordfish a break" campaign was run by Sea Web and _________

The _ _ _ _ _ were the first jawed vertebrates

In 1997, _ _ _ _ _ decided to lift the ban on imports of Mexican tuna

One problem with harvesting sharks commercially is that they are _________

Sharks are now commonly harvested for their _ _ _ _ _ which is said to function as a cancer preventative

In the film The Perfect Storm, the crew was fishing for _ _ _ _ _

In 1990, the US banned imports of _ _ _ _ Frodo Mexico because of dolphin mortality

Any swordfish that are caught that are not large enough by established standards are _ _ _ _ _

In order for jaws to function properly, an animal must be able to overcome _ _ _ _ _, pitch and yaw

The placoderms are thought to have evolved from the _ _ _ _ _

The US imports about _ _ _ _ _ percent of all legally harvested Patagonian Toothfish

Large scale commercial fishing for Patagonian Toothfish began in the _ _ _ _ _

The fishing technique used to catch Patagonian Toothfish is said to have resulted in the deaths of numerous _ _ _ _ _

According to SUSA about _ _ _ _ _ pounds of Swordfish are consumed by the US public every year

_ _ _ _ _ is the group that manages Atlantic Swordfish

There is actually _ _ _ _ _ species of Patagonian Toothfish

Jaws evolved from the _ _ _ _ _

The _ _ _ _ _ act of 1972 was enacted to protect dolphins from mortality due to fishing

Pacific Ocean Tuna were considered "Dolphin Safe" after _ _ _ _ _ criteria were established

Swordfish USA (SUSA) claims there are roughly 17 million recreational fishers and _ _ _ _ _ commercial swordfish boards in the North Atlantic

In the 1970s Bighead and Silver Carp were introduced to the US to control _ _ _ _ _

The US government recently closed more than 132,000 square miles of the Atlantic to commercial swordfish ing because these areas are _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ is an adaptation that enabled the jaws to work efficiently

The Patagonian Toothfish is harvested using _ _ _ _ _

According to Sea Web, as many as 1.1 million pounds of _ _ _ _ were discarded by the swordfish industry between 1995-1996

To protect Lake Michigan from possible invasion by Asian carp, fishery managers _ _ _ _ _

Atlantic Swordfish feed chiefly on squid and _ _ _ _ _ as adults

Swordfish are harvested commercial using _ _ _ _ _

When the US government closed more than 132,000 square miles to commercial swordfishing in the Atlantic, the sponsors of the "give a swordfish a break" _ _ _ _ _

The common carp is native to _ _ _ _ _

The Patagonian Toothfish is officially listed as endangered

Asian Carp may actually leap into boats because _ _ _ _ _

The Patagonian Toothfish is managed by a group of 24 nations that make up the _ _ _ _ _

Caecilians are characterized by having

There are roughly _________ times as many frogs and toads as there are salamanders

The _ _ _ _ _ is the sole surviving member of the lobe-finned fishes

___________ is a characteristic shared by the amphibians and certain lobe-finned fishes

Paedomorphosis is a characteristic of certain ___________

Sexual coupling in some species that have external fertilization is called __________

The fossil amphibians and the lobe-dinner fishes are linked by similarities in the __________

Icthyostega fossils are known from what is now __________

The presence of __________ is a juvenile characteristic retained by some paedogenetic species

Chirping frogs were introduced to Hawaii from __________

Respiration occurs across a pharyngeal membrane in the __________

The Hedonic glands play an active role in __________

The genus Eleutherodactlyus, a genus of chirping frogs, has __________ species scattered over the west indies

The formation of a communal foam nest is seen in certain tree frogs in _________

External fertilization is seen in _________ salamanders

Toads secrete a poison from the _________ glands on their heads

The so-called poison arrow frogs are native to _________

There are ________ recognizable evolutionary lines of fossil amphibians

_______ are structures produced by male salamanders for reproductive purposes

A species of lobe-finned fishes still occurs in

The Golden Toad which has recently declines precipitously is native to ___________

Deformed frogs first were seen in _______ in the 1990s

__________ refers to the facultative or environmentally determined form of paedomorphosis

In addition to being toxic, bugotenine is also a ____________

Chirping frogs were first seen in Hawaii in the ________

___________ of the following is an example of a paedogenetic group of amphibian species

Both the frogs and the salamanders produce ________ eggs

___________ are primitive salamanders that have external gills, front legs but no hind legs

______ has not been suggested as a cause of deformities in frogs

When _________ auestivate they produce a mucous cocoon like the African lungfish

External fertilization is characteristic of the _____________

The now extinct gastric-brooding frog was known only from ____________

Which of the following is an example of a paedogenetic group of amphibian species

In Darwin's Frog of Chile, the young frogs develop in _ _ _ _ _

When _ _ _ _ _ aestivate they produce a mucous cocoon like the African lungfish

Caecilians are characterized by having __________