Us History Semester 1 Final Exam

1 September 2022
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Who spoke out against the acquisition of the Southwest following the Mexican-American War?
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Who became president after the 1876 presidential election?
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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As Union soldiers marched into Richmond in 1865, General Lee's army
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had only 35,000 men and no food.
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Which two political parties did Abraham Lincoln join?
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the Whigs and Republicans
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Americans who supported Manifest Destiny primarily believed that the United States should
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spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
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The Emancipation Proclamation freed
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enslaved people in the South but not those in border states.
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During the Civil War, African American military units
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were usually led by white officers.
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Who sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
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Senator Stephen Douglas
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Congress disapproved of President Johnson's attempt to fire Secretary of War
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Edwin Stanton.
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In the 1840s, the United States and Mexico fought over
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land in the Southwest.
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The Republicans selected Abraham Lincoln as their presidential candidate even though
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he did not plan to end slavery where it already existed.
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The outcome of the Second Battle of Bull Run
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placed the capital city Washington, DC, in danger.
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After the Civil War, newly-freed African Americans had to
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find a way to make money.
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What was the main reason why many white Southerners hoped to become slave owners?
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they saw slavery as a sign of privilege.
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What was a purpose of the Compromise of 1850?
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it was used to admit California into the union.
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American Indians who lived in the West
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offered their services as guides to settlers.
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During the mid-1800s, the greatest danger to American Indians in the West was
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a lack of immunity to certain diseases.
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American exceptionalism can best be defined as the belief that
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the United States had a duty to spread its ideals around the world.
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In the mid-1800s, about how far could pioneers travel on a good day?
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15 miles
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In the mid-1800s, travelers faced a high risk of attack by Apache and Comanche groups on
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the Santa Fe Trail.
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Which of the following challenges did travelers on the Oregon Trail often face in the mid-1800s?
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crossing the Great Plains
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Which of the following statements best describes the journey westward in the mid-1800s?
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It took a long time and included a number of difficult obstacles.
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Pioneers who crossed the western mountains in the mid-1800s were threatened by
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snow and cold temperatures.
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Which of the following statements describes a consequence of gold and silver mining that affected American Indians in the mid-1800s?
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Debris from gold and silver mines polluted the supplies of drinking water.
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Which of the following best describes nativism during the 1800s?
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a policy favoring native-born Americans over immigrants
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By 1850, in the largest northern cities such as New York and Boston,
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immigrants made up a large part of the population.
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Why did the Know-Nothing Party want to prevent immigrants from voting?
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Members of the Know-Nothing Party believed immigrants were undermining American society.
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What was a major pull factor that brought immigrants to the United States between 1830 and 1850?
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jobs in manufacturing and trade
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Who helped develop the concept of interchangeable parts in 1798?
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Eli Whitney
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Which statement best describes the use of interchangeable parts in manufacturing during the 1800s?
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Interchangeable parts were identical parts that could be exchanged for one another in manufacturing of goods.
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The First Great Awakening in the American colonies
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featured traveling preachers who gave fiery sermons.
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In the late 1600s, the change by the British government in enforcing colonial rules was called
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salutary neglect.
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The Half-Way Covenant adopted by Puritans in 1662
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made Puritan children and grandchildren partial church members.
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An unexpected result of British salutary neglect was that
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the colonies developed a separate American identity
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Puritan communities in New England in the 1600s believed that all children should learn to read and write so they could
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read and study the Bible.
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Puritans moved to America in the 1600s because
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they were persecuted in England.
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Puritan communities in New England during the 1600s emphasized
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reading the Bible.
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By the early 1700s, religious influence in the American colonies had
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begun to decline.
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As a result of changes in British policy during the late 1600s, the American colonies
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made their own trade and political decisions.
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How did the First Great Awakening affect attitudes toward religion in the colonies during the early 1700s?
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It increased tolerance of different religions.
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In 1735, the trial of Peter Zenger in the colony of New York established
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the freedom of the press.
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How were people in the middle colonies different from those in the New England and southern colonies?
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The population in the middle colonies was more diverse.
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Which New England colony had a governor who was not appointed by the King of England?
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Massachusetts Bay
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During the First Great Awakening, several educational centers and universities were founded to
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train more ministers.
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How did hunger strikes by enslaved Africans affect slaveholders during the Middle Passage?
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Slaveholders knew that an enslaved person weakened by hunger could be sold for less money.
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How did slavery in the Americas affect African society?
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Slave labor within Africa became more common, and violence between Africans increased.
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How did transatlantic slavery most affect the population of Africa?
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There were fewer men to clear fields and hunt.
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Which of the following events during the 1600s and 1700s led to the development of slavery in the Caribbean?
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French, English, and Dutch traders joined Spanish traders in the West Indies.
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To protest their treatment on slave ships, some enslaved people
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jumped overboard.
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In the 1600s and 1700s, Europeans established themselves in the West Indies to
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search for precious metals and to grow crops such as coffee.
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How did the writings of Olaudah Equiano affect the slave trade?
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They brought public awareness to the inhumane conditions on slave ships.
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To keep up with European demand, how did African slave traders enslave people?
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They took prisoners of war and raided villages.
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"The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us." A conclusion that can be drawn about slave ships from this description is that passengers
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suffered greatly during their journey to the Americas.
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Conditions on slave ships caused
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many enslaved Africans to resist.
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Slavery in the Americas
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was based on race.
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Ships used during the Middle Passage were
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overcrowded and unclean.