Unit 8: Topic 8.5 Decolonization/Independence Movements Of The 20th Century (Colony And Colonizer)

-Mohandas Gandhi -Hindus -Muslims: Muslim League 1906 -Indian National Congress

-Kwame Nkrumah -United Nations -American and British abolitionists -Organization of African Unity in 1963

-The Royal Indian Navy Revolt in 1946 -negotiate peace -Muslims invade Hindu lands

-India and Pakistan gained independence on 1947

-1964 Nkrumah claimed dictatorial powers when voters agreed on Egypta one-party state -Pan-Africanism -Peaceful negotiations -military coup overthrew Nkrumah's government

-2000 Ghana witnessed a peaceful transfer of civilian power to elected officials

-French government -National Liberation Front (FLN) -French PreCharles de Gaulle -French communist party -French National Assembly -President Abdelaziz Bouteflikz in 1999

-Political protests -restrictive laws and violence -Algerian War for independence 1954 -Guerilla warfare -Turmoil in France -Algerian Civil War 1991

-Military state of emergency was lifted 2011

-Ho Chi Minh- communist leader in North Vietnam -France -Viet Cong (communist supporters) -American military -President Richard Nixon

-2 million deaths -Vietnam and US trade diplomatically

-Vietnamese War of independence lasted until 1954 -French attempt at reestablishing the colonial rule -Americans withdraw troops 1971-1975

-Independence from the Ottomans in 1922 - Britain -Gamal Abdel Nasser and Muhammad Naguib founding member of the Arabian League and established the Republic of Egypt - French and British with Canal - US and SU vs British and French by using UN to generate a solution

- Anglo- Egyptian Treaty 1936 -Pan- Arabianism -The Suez Crisis 1859-1869 (Us and SU vs France and Britain by using UN to broker agreement) - peaceful compromise

-Removal of foreign troops - the canal becomes an international waterway - UN deploys "peacekeepers"

- British vs west africans - west africans( Igbos) vs Hausa-Fulani( Islamic Group)

- Biafran Civil War 1967 -various military coupes - 1999 election of Olusegun Obasanjo over the fourth republic of Nigeria - Consitution of Nigeria- legal system of secular law and shariah

- independence in 1960 from Britain - Niger River Delta conflicts - The national government exploited oil resources -oil companies polluated lands - protest against oil wells and pipelines (fire)