Training Leaders In A Diverse Multicultural Environment Final Exam Study Notes

25 July 2022
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question
Which tribe in America is developing an ethnic enclave?
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Choctaw
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Native people living on reservations ______.
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live under a system controlled by federally mandated regulations
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Native Americans living on reservations ______.
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are among the poorest groups in U.S. society
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Approximately what percentage of American Indians are now living in urban areas?
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70%
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In general, how does the unemployment rate for American Indians compare to the national average? The American Indian rate is ______.
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twice as high as the national average
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On American Indian reservations, unemployment ______.
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can reach as high as 80% or 90%
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The rates of intermarriage for American Indians is ______.
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quite high compared to other groups
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American Indians have higher rates than other minority groups in the area of ______.
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rates of interracial marriages
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When American Indians arrived in the cities, the burden of supporting the families fell on the ______.
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women
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In American Indian tribes, women ______.
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often occupied important economic and political roles
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Traditional Native American cultures assert that the universe ______.
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is a unity
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Many Native American traditions asserts that ______.
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humans are no different from other animals, plants, and trees
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Indigenous women of ______ often marked their stored fish to show its ownership.
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Alaska
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Patriarchal societies tend to be ______.
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patrilocal
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Native American creation accounts are ______.
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women-centered and emphasize women's ability to bring life into the world
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The Navajo recognized ______ genders.
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four
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Generally, Native American communities believed that ______ made everything, including two-spirit people.
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the Great Creator
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The ______ is an entire community of two-spirit people.
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Storoka
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Anthropologist Sue-Ellen Jacobs says that most of the tribes she studied ______.
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spoke positively about homosexuality
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Native American reservations were ______.
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distant from centers of modernization and industrialization
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By 1948, ______ tribes were governed by the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA).
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fewer than 100
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Indian reservations were not run by Native Americans, but by which federal government agency?
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Bureau of Indian Affairs
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At the end of armed hostilities, relations between Native Americans and the larger society featured ______.
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coercive acculturation
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When colonists arrived in Virginia their survival was due, in part, to Native Americans' willingness to help. This first occurred in ______.
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1607
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In 1972, AIM helped organize a march on Washington, D.C., called the ______.
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Trail of Broken Treaties
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By the end of the Indian Wars in ______, Native Americans had few resources.
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1890
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In 1953, assimilationist forces won a victory when Congress passed a resolution calling for an end to the reservation system. The proposed policy, called ______, was intended to get the federal government "out of the Indian business."
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termination
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As a result of the Dawes Act of 1887, American Indians ______.
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lost most of their land
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Several federal programs and laws have benefited tribes during the past few decades, including the antipoverty and "Great Society" campaigns launched in the ______.
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1960s
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In general, what can we say regarding American Indian assimilation?
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Their primary structural assimilation is comparatively high but secondary structural assimilation is low.
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One way coercive acculturation was "achieved" was by sending American Indian children to boarding schools. Within these schools, tribal languages, dress, and religion were forbidden and American Indian culture was generally disparaged. Which theory or hypothesis would most likely have predicted this?
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Blauner hypothesis
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Urban Indians ______.
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confront the same patterns of racism that confront other minority groups of color
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Minority women remain the victims of a(n) ______ and are among the most vulnerable segments of society.
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double jeopardy
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Unlike its policy toward Cubans, the United States has defined Haitian refugees as "economic refugees" ineligible for asylum. Moreover, the United States has campaigned to keep Haitians out of the United States. According to the textbook, what reason best explains this difference in treatment?
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They are black and, as a result, are subject to racism that is a part of U.S. culture and history.
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Which combination of factors lead the Haitian second generation to experience a relatively low level of academic achievement and a tendency to identify with the African American community?
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their hostile reception, their poverty and lack of education, and their racial background
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One difference between Nigerians and Ethiopians is ______.
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More Ethiopian immigrants are refugees and asylum seekers.
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Korean Americans have formed an enclave that is involved mainly in the small business of______.
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fruits and vegetables
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Many of the recent Filipino immigrants were actively recruited in which of the following areas to work in America today?
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nursing
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Immigrants from India are overrepresented in ______.
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computer engineering, medicine, and college teaching
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According to the textbook, there seems to be a correlation between perception of immigrants as threats and ______.
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pessimism about the economy
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Like several other minority groups, Haitian Americans ______.
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have entered U.S. society in the secondary sector of the economy
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All but which of the following are reasons for the negative reception of Haitians to the United States?
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Haitians are not hard workers and usually end up on government assistance.
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The government often underfunds public schools that serve Mexican American neighborhoods. This is an example of ______.
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institutional discrimination
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According to the ______, income and education tend to improve by education.
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traditional perspective on assimilation
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Immigrants flow to areas with ______.
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greater opportunities
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Men who intermarry with other racial groups are responsible for creating ______.
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colonies of exploitation
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Germany has one of the world's ______.
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best work forces
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Hawaii is often identified as a society that ______ in the face of great diversity.
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maintains peaceful group relations
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The least diverse nation(s) in the world are ______.
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Korea and Japan
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The most significant minority-group issue in Canada has been ______.
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cultural and linguistic
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Germany faces new challenges largely from ______.
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a new wave of immigration
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The former Yugoslavia has a complex mix of ______.
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religious and ethnic backgrounds
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Brazil's ideology of branqueamento refers to ______.
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racial whitening
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A major difference between Yugoslavia and Switzerland lies in ______.
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the contact situation
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Dominant-minority relationships tend to change most rapidly and dramatically when there are ______.
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changes in the level of development in the larger society
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In the early 1990s, a rebel force led by Tutsis invaded Rwanda with the ______.
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intention of overthrowing the Hutu-dominated government
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Unrest and violence in Ireland generally evolved from ______.
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religious conflict
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Switzerland has a largely peaceful history, primarily due to ______.
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three ethnic groups working voluntarily together
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The primary cause of strife in Rwanda was ______.
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colonialism
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The tribal groups involved in the Rwanda massacre were ______.
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The Hutu and Tutsis
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______ people were murdered during the Rwandan conflict.
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800,000
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South Africa was ruled by the White minority, ______ of the population until recently.
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10%
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The initial settlement of South Africa by the Dutch resembled the ______.
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European movement into North America
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The Boer War was a fight between ______.
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The British and the Dutch
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The Afrikaans created apartheid, which resembled ______.
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Jim Crow in the United States
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Apartheid lasted longer in South Africa mainly because ______.
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There was little support for ending it among the ruling White minority.
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Apartheid was ended due to all but which of the following factors?
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the White minority left South Africa
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Who was elected as the first Black President of South Africa?
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Nelson Mandela
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The most complex problems in the world might be found in ______.
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The Middle East
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The founding of Israel was a direct result of ______.
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the horrors of the WWII Holocaust
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Between 2008-2010, ______ of all marriages in Hawaii crossed group lines.
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42%
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Brazil was a colony of______.
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Portugal
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Apartheid lasted about ______ years.
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40
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Present-day conflicts in the Middle East have their origins in ______.
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military conquest
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Brazil developed an ideology of ______.
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racial whitening
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The Zwickau Cell was part of the ______.
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National Socialist Underground
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The ______ became the major vehicle for the expression of Quebecois nationalism and the movement for a politically autonomous Quebec.
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Parti Quebec
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In the 1930s and 1940s, the Nazi leadership of Germany attempted to eradicate the Jewish. ______ Jews died in their concentration camps.
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6 million
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There is ______ in Switzerland.
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no history of conquest or subordination
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Yugoslavia was created in ______.
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1918
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Political and military leaders in Serbia ______.
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inflamed prejudices and antipathies
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In 1948, the ______, the primary political vehicle of the Afrikaans, came into control of the state.
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National Party
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In Brazil, people of mixed-race ancestry are referred to as ______.
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pardos