The Presidency example #75554

13 February 2023
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Presidential succession
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The plan by which a vacancy in the presidency is filled. Congress sets the order of succession if the VP is unable to serve: 1. VP 2. Speaker of the House 3. President Pro Tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State 5. Secretary of the Treasury 6. The rest of the cabinet heads in order of creation of the cabinet (15 cabinets or departments in all).
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Balance the ticket
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VP candidate is chosen to expand the appeal of the president and bring votes to the ticket. VP candidate has characteristics the presidential candidate does not.
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Presidential primary
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Voters go to polling place and cast a ballot for a candidate.
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Presidential caucus
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People get together at a meeting and decide who they want to support as their party's candidate.
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Popular votes
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The total number of votes for Presidential Electors.
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Electoral votes
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The actual votes for President. A presidential candidate must win the majority of electoral votes to become president (magic # is 270).
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General election
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Vote for the Presidential electors every 4th year in November.
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Executive order
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A regulation that is like a law that does not have go through Congress.
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Ambassador
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Representative of US in another country.
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Special session
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A meeting to deal with emergency situations.
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Treaty
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An agreement between two or more countries. Must be approved by 2/3 of Senate.
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Executive agreement
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A regulation that is like a law that does not have go through Congress.
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Undeclared war
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May make an undeclared war. Congress declares war. President is Commander in Chief of armed forces.
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War Powers Act
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Pres must tell Congress of circumstances within 48 hours of sending troops into battle. Pres has 60 days to "wage an undeclared war" and can ask Congress for a 30 day extension. Congress must approve any overseas troop deployment lasting longer than 90 days.
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State of the Union
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May recommend (propose) legislation through the State of the Union Address (a speech required by Constitution!).
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Reprieve
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Postpone a sentence.
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Pardon
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Forgiveness of a crime.
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Clemency
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The president can Commute a sentence (reduce length of sentence or fine) and Grant amnesty (a pardon for a group of people).
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Amnesty
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A pardon for a group of people.
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Commutation
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Reduce length of sentence or fine.
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Executive privilege
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Allows president to deny any access to White House documents.
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Federal bureaucracy
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The agencies, administrations, and people that do the day-to-day work of the federal government.
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Federal budget
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The federal government's spending for one year. Created by the President. Congress has the final say / approval.
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Federal Reserve
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Central banking system for the US. The Federal Reserve helps to keep our economy moving, is concerned with inflation unemployment etc., supervises and regulates banks, provides banking services (check clearing / process electronic payments.
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Revenue
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Money the government brings in.
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Appropriations
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Bills about spending money. Must start in the House.
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Iowa, New Hampshire
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Give first indication of which candidate could win in the general election. Could "make-or-break" a campaign.
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Super Tuesday
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Day when many states (20+) hold primaries and caucuses Missouri in 2012???
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Conventions/nominating process
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When: Late summer (August) Purpose: A meeting to officially nominate each party's presidential candidate. Other happenings: VP candidate introduced, Write and approve Party Platform.
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General Election
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When: 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November, every four years What: People vote for electors. Must be registered to vote! Called the popular vote.
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Winner takes all
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The winner of a state's popular votes gets ALL of the state's electoral votes. Even if you win by 1 vote!!!! Electors for the losing candidate do nothing.
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Inauguration
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Both the President and VP take the oath of office on January 20th at noon.
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Flaws in the electoral college system
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Electoral College dictates where and how candidates campaign. All electors are not required to vote as pledged. A third party candidate won't win but could affect outcome. The winner of the popular vote is not always guaranteed the presidency.
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Presidential Term Length
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4 years
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Amendment 12
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Electoral votes cast for president and vice president separately.
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Amendment 20
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Changes inauguration date from March 4 to January 20.
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Amendment 22
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Limits a president to 2 terms or ten years
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Amendment 25
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If the office of the Vice Presidency become vacant, the President can appoint a new VP and Congress must approve.
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Presidential Roles
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The president has roles to fulfill at the same time: Chief of State Chief Executive Chief Manager of the Economy Chief Diplomat Commander in Chief Chief Legislator Chief of Party Chief Citizen Chief Judicial Leader
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Presidential Succession
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Congress sets the order of succession if the VP is unable to serve: 1. VP 2. Speaker of the House 3. President Pro Tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State 5. Secretary of the Treasury 6. The rest of the cabinet heads in order of creation of the cabinet (15 cabinets or departments in all)
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Executive Office
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Includes both advisors and agencies that perform a variety of tasks for the president: Office of Management and Budget (OMB) National Security Council (NSC) National Security Advisor, VP, Sec. of State, Treasury, Defense Office of the Vice President
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Executive Departments
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Carry out much of the federal government's work. 15 Executive Departments. Each is headed by a Secretary.
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Executive Cabinets
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Purpose: Advise the President Made up of: Vice President Department Secretaries (heads) Others the POTUS wants to include
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Executive Agencies
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Help to implement (carry out) federal policy. Go by various names: Agencies, commissions, administrations, Corporations Examples: NASA, CIA, EPA, FDIC, Peace Corps, USPS
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Vice President Qualifications
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Must be 35 years old Must be a natural born citizen Must have lived in the US for at least 14 years
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Vice President Term Length
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Same as President.
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Vice President Powers
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The VP has FEW Constitutional powers 1st in line of succession to the presidency Preside over the Senate (President of the Senate) Votes only if there is a tie Help determine if the president is fit to carry out his/her duties (Amendment 25)
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Federal Budget Cycle
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1. The president prepares the budget proposal Ideas included in State of the Union Address (Jan/Feb) Helped by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2. Congress analyzes the budget 3. Congress works on appropriation bills for each category Appropriation = spending money Must start in the House 4. President approves budget (signs into law) Around October