The Age Of Exploration

24 August 2022
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Mercantilism
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An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
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Conquistadors
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Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)
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Columbian Exchange
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An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.
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Plantations
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Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops
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Encomienda
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A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
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Cortes
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Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
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Montezuma
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Aztec chieftan; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; Montezuma assumed that the Soanush were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.
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Pizzaro
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For Spain. led a small army in an invasion of the Inca Empire. He conquered the Inca and gained huge amounts of gold and silver for himself and Spain.
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Aztecs
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(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.
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Incas
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A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.
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Balance of Trade
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the difference between a country's total exports and total imports
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Peninsulars
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people born in Spain and Portugal; held most important government jobs and most important positions in catholic church
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Mestizos
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A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory
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Mulattos
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persons of mixed european and african ancestry
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Creoles
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American born descendants of Europeans
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
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Triangular trade
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A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
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Slave Trade
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European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.