Special Senses

25 July 2022
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65 test answers

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Olfaction
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Sense of smell.
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anosmias
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Loss of smell.
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(B) Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain.
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Select the correct statement about olfaction. A) Olfactory receptors have a high degree of specificity toward a single type of chemical. B) Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain. C) Substances must be volatile and hydrophobic in order to activate olfactory receptors. D) Olfactory adaptation is only due to fading of receptor cell response.
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(D) Secrete mucus.
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Olfactory glands function to ________. A) produce olfactory cells B) assist in detection of odors C) produce Ca+ ions that are taken up by the olfactory receptor cells for their use D) secrete mucus
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(A) Substances in solution.
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Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________. A) substances in solution B) stretching of the receptor cells C) the movement of otoliths D) movement of a cupula
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(B) They are unipolar neurons.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of olfactory receptor cells? A) They are ciliated. B) They are unipolar neurons. C) They are chemoreceptors. D) They have a short life span of about 60 days.
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(B) Anomias
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________ is a disorder of the olfactory nerves. A) Uncinate fits B) Anosmias C) Scotoma D) Otalgia
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(B) Granule cells
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Inhibitory cells in the olfactory bulbs are called ________. A) mitral cells B) granule cells C) sustentacular cells D) basal cells
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Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain.
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Select the correct statement about olfaction.
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Gustation
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Sense of taste.
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Sour
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Taste modalities: Elicited by acids. (vitamin C)
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Salt
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Taste modalities: Elicited by metal ions.
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Sweet
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Taste modalities: Elicited by sugars, alcohol, amino acids. (carbs.)
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Bitter
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Taste modalities: Alkaloids such as nicotine, caffeine, found on back of tongue. (usually toxic, protective.)
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Umami
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Taste modalities: Amino acid glutamate. (beef, aging cheese.)
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(A) The tastant must contact the basal epithelial cells of the taste buds.
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for something to be tasted? A) The tastant must contact the basal epithelial cells of the taste buds. B) The tastant must dissolve in saliva. C) The tastant must contact gustatory hairs. D) The tastant must diffuse into a taste pore.
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(C) Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes.
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Which of the following is true about gustatory receptors? A) In order for a chemical to be sensed, it must be hydrophobic. B) The receptors generate an action potential in response to chemical stimuli. C) Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes. D) All gustatory receptors have the same threshold for activation.
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(B) in filiform papillae
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Taste buds are not found ________. A) in fungiform papillae B) in filiform papillae C) in circumvallate papillae D) lining the buccal cavity
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(B) Gustatory hairs
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The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are ________. A) basal cells B) gustatory hairs C) fungiform papillae D) taste buds
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(B) Modified apocrine sweat glands.
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Ceruminous glands are ________. A) saliva glands found at the base of the tongue B) modified apocrine sweat glands C) glands found in the lateral corners of your eye D) modified taste buds
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bony socket, eyebrows, eyelid and eye lashes, conjuctiva, lacrimal apparatus.
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Name the five things that protect the eye.
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sclera
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Identify the region that belongs to the fibrous layer of the eye.
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retina
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Identify the layer that contains both a single-celled pigmented layer and a neural layer.
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(C) Iris
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The visible colored portion of the eye is the __________. A) cornea B) pupil C) iris D) sclera
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(C) Vision in dim light.
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What is the main function of the rods in the eye? A) depth perception B) color vision C) vision in dim light D) accommodation for near vision
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(D) Iris
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What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? A) aqueous humor B) lens C) cornea D) iris
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(B) The unequal curvature of refracting surfaces.
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Presbyopia is not ________. A) the loss of elasticity of the lens B) the unequal curvature of refracting surfaces C) common in individuals over 50 D) called 屎old person使s vision屎
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(D) Tarsal glands
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The oil component found in tears is produced by the ________. A) lacrimal glands B) ciliary gland C) conjunctiva D) tarsal glands
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Emmetropic eye.
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normal eye.
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Myopia
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Vision abnormalities: "near sighted"
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Hyperopia
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Vision abnormalities: "far sighted"
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Cataract
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Vision abnormalities: clouding of the lens.
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Glaucoma
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Vision abnormalities: build up of aqueous humor due to improper draining.
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Conjunctivitis
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Vision abnormalities: infection of the conjunctive membrane.
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Astigmatism
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Vision abnormalities: mismatch of curvature of cornea and lens that distorts image in certain area.
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Strabismus
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Vision abnormalities: cross eyed.
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Nystagmus
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Vision abnormalities: involuntary side-to-side twitching.
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(D) Result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs.
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Motion sickness seems to ________. A) Respond best to medication taken after salivation and pallor begins B) Respond best to medication that "boosts" vestibular inputs C) Result from activation of nausea centers in the brain stem D) Result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs
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There are no photo receptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
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The blind spot of the eye is caused by ________.
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cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor.
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Light passes through the following structures in which order?
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The aqueous humor is continuously replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus.
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Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels. However, the cells in the cornea and lens (in the anterior segment) are avascular. Which is the best explanation for how these cells are maintained?
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Absence of green or red cones in their foveae.
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In a person who is color blind, which of the following would you most expect to see?
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Vision.
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The only special sense not fully functional at birth is the sense of ________.
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optic chiasma
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Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?
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Malleus, Incus, Stapes. (MIS)
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Name the 3 bones (in order) that connect the tympanic membrane with the oval window.
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True
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True or False: The function of the lens of the eye is to allow precise focusing of light on the retina.
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(D) pharyngotympanic tube
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Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear? A) pinna B) external auditory meatus C) tympanic membrane D) pharyngotympanic tube
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(A) scala vestibuli
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The oval window is connected directly to which passageway? A) scala vestibuli B) external auditory meatus C) pharyngotympanic tube D) scala tympani
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(A) outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane
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As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________. A) outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane B) outer hair cells bend the cilia away from the kinocilium C) inner hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane D) inner hair cells bend the cilia away from the kinocilium
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(B) 90
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U.S. employees must wear hearing protection at ________ dB or above. A) 100 B) 90 C) 80 D) 70
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(C) a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea
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What is a modiolus? A) bone in the center of a semicircular canal B) bone around the cochlea C) a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea D) a bony area around the junction of the facial, vestibular, and cochlear nerves
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(A) frequency: loudness
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Which pairing of terms is incorrectly related? A) frequency: loudness B) quality: multiple frequencies C) frequency: pitch D) frequency: wavelength
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(A) M茅ni猫re使s syndrome
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Tinnitis, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ________. A) M茅ni猫re使s syndrome B) conjunctivitis C) strabismus D) motion sickness
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(C) cochlear nerve degeneration
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Which of the following is not a possible cause of conduction deafness? A) impacted cerumen B) middle ear infection C) cochlear nerve degeneration D) otosclerosis
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M茅ni猫re使s syndrome
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Tinnitis, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ________.
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(A) Cochlea
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Receptors for hearing are located in the ________. A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) tympanic membrane D) vestibule
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True
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True or False: Sour taste receptors are stimulated by hydrogen ions of acidic food substances.
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True
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True or False: Light passes through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors.
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False
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True or False: The bending of light rays is called reflection.
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False
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True or False: Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
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True
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True or False: The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva.
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False
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True or False: The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.
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True
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True or False: In order for sound to reach the spiral organ (of Corti), the auditory ossicles must vibrate the oval window and set the endolymph in motion.
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True
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True or False: When we move from darkness to bright light, retinal sensitivity is lost, but visual acuity is gained.
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True
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True or False: Odorants must be volatile to be smelled.