Sociology (exam 2)

1 October 2022
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question
In his book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys (2011), Victor Rios questions whether:
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aggressive policing in inner-city neighborhoods actually decreases juvenile crime.
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An elementary school isn't a total institution because:
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students leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time.
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Social deviance is a breach of ________; crime is a breach of ________.
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norms; law
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Although deviant behavior can be threatening and damaging, paradoxically it also:
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strengthens society by exercising mechanisms that preserve cohesion.
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A crime such as burglary is also known as which type of deviance?
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formal
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Picking your nose in public is an example of which type of deviance?
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informal
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The functionalist perspective argues that deviance:
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is necessary for a society's survival.
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The common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide is defined by ร‰mile Durkheim as:
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collective conscience
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When people in a society form social bonds and relate to each other on a daily basis, the society is said to exhibit:
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social cohesion
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A society characterized by a high degree of sameness among the individual participants, in which participants perform largely the same functions, has ________ solidarity.
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mechanical
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Why is the United States best described as having a mix of mechanical and organic sanctions?
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The United States applies mechanical sanctions in some contexts and organic sanctions in other contexts.
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In industrialized societies, social sanctions are most often:
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focused on the criminal's individual circumstances.
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Tracy rejects the goals of owning a big house and earning lots of money, which she feels are defined by society. However, she still works hard and follows the rules. Robert Merton would classify Tracy as a(n):
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ritualist
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A person who desires a big mansion and the perfect "American dream" lifestyle, but sells illegal drugs to achieve this, is known by Robert Merton as a(n):
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innovator
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Which of the following is a major difference between the symbolic interactionist (SI) and functionalist perspectives on deviance?
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SI takes a micro or close-up look at individuals; functionalism looks at macro-level social systems.
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David Rosenhan sent some of his students to a psychiatric hospital, saying they were "hearing voices." Each pseudo-patient was admitted and diagnosed with a mental disorder. He was illustrating ________ theory.
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labeling
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labeling theory focuses on:
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the social process through which people become deviants.
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If a label is said to be "sticky" when referring to deviance, it means that:
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It is hard to lose that label.
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Shelly shoplifted once. Her peers on social media have labeled her "shoplifting Shelly," and this label follows her everywhere online and at school. She feels hopeless and shoplifts regularly now to alleviate her anxiety and because it is what everyone expects her to do anyway. Labeling theory would interpret her ongoing shoplifting as:
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secondary deviance.
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Jennifer goes out at night with a spray can and writes on a stop sign. She successfully vandalizes for the first time. Labeling theorists would call this ________ deviance.
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primary