Sociology: Chapter 8- Quiz Review

19 January 2023
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question
A category of people defined as "untouchable" because they perform work that is viewed as "unclean" has been part of a social stratification in?
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India.
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A caste system is defined as?
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Social stratification based on ascription, or birth.
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According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves?
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Class conflict.
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According to Karl Marx, which class forms the core of the industrial proletariat?
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The working class.
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According to the Davis-Moore thesis?
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More important jobs must provide enough rewards to attract the talent necessary to perform them.
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Based on what you have read, as the United states develops a postindustrial economy, economic inequality is?
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Increasing.
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Davis and Moore point out that an egalitarian society?
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Could exist, but only if people are willing to allow anyone to perform any job.
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If you have a job that involves manual labor, you are doing?
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Blue-collar work.
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In 1917, the Russian Revolution transformed the feudal aristocracy and placed productive property under the control of?
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The state.
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In Karl Marx's analysis, another name for the capitalist class is the?
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Bourgeoisie.
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In general, societies that have caste systems have economies that are?
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Agrarian.
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Marx claimed social stratification would end with the creation of a socialist economy. What was Weber's view?
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Weber thought socialism would reduce economic differences but also create a political elite, increasing differences in power.
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Marx thought of inequality in terms of two main classes. In contrast, Weber envisioned inequality in terms of?
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A socioeconomic ranking.
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One reason Marx's predicted socialist revolution never took place in capitalist societies is that?
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Living standards for the majority have gone up.
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Relative poverty?
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Is found everywhere.
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Social stratification is a concept that refers to?
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Ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.
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The concept "feminization of poverty" refers to the fact that, in the United States?
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Women make up an increasing percentage of the poor.
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The concept "meritocracy" refers to social stratification?
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Based entirely on personal merit.
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The concept of structural social mobility refers to?
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Change in the social position of many people due to change in society itself.
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The historical practice in England of passing on property to only the first-born male descendant is called?
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The law of primogeniture.
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When Marx argued that capitalism "reproduces the class structure," he meant that?
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Society operates and carries class differences from one generation to the next.
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Which concept refers to change in social position during a person's lifetime?
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Intragenerational social mobility.
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Who coined the concept "survival of the fittest"?
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Herbert Spencer.