______ defines who and what we are in relation to others.
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Status
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Which of the following is an ascribed status?
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being a daughter
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Both statuses and roles
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vary from one culture to another.
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Difficulty managing the demands of being a parent and being a student illustrates
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role conflict
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What term refers to the process by which people creatively shape their world as they interact?
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social construction of reality
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Nonverbal communication refers to:
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body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.
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The English language often treats as ______ whatever has greater value, force, or significance.
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masculine
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In general, an important foundation of humor is:
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contradiction or ambiguity found in differing definitions of the same situation.
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What does the case of Harold and Sybil show?
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Men and women often have disagreements because they fail to understand their different points of view.
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The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called:
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status interaction.
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Member of all societies rely on ______ to make sense out of daily situations.
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social structure
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What is the term for a social position that a person holds?
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status
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At any given time, you occupy a number of statuses. These are your:
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status set.
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What is the term for a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life?
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ascribed status
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A person who becomes a senior citizen acquires a/an:
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ascribed status.
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What is the term for a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort?
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achieved status
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The status of "drug dealer" is a/an:
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achieved status.
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What is the term for a status that has special importance for social identify, often shaping a person's entire life?
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master status
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When a person introduces themselves by stating their occupation along with their name, it is an indication that their occupation functions as a/n:
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master status.
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What is the term for behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status?
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role
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Students are expected to attend classes and complete assignments. These activities make up a student's:
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role.
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The enactment of a role, or ______, varies according to an individual's unique personality.
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role performance
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A "role set" refers to:
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a number of roles attached to a single status.
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What is the term for the incompatibility among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?
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role conflict
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What is the term for the tension among roles connected to a single status?
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role strain
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Deciding to "leave the job at work" before heading home to the family can be an effective strategy for minimizing:
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role conflict.
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What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
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role exit
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What is the process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction?
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social construction of reality
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The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:
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dramaturgical analysis.
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Which sociologist used "dramaturgical analysis" in his approach to sociology?
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Erving Goffman
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What is Goffman's term for individuals' efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others?
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presentation of self
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According to dramaturgical analysis, a ______ is like a part in a play.
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status
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A dramaturgical analysis of a typical physician's office would show which of the following messages?
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"I will help you, but you must allow me to take charge."
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What is the term for communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech?
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nonverbal communication
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Which of the following is NOT an example of body language?
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saying "I like you" to someone
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What is a "demeanour"?
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the way we act and carry ourselves
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What is personal space?
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the surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy
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Two men and two women, all of equal size, are sitting on a park bench. Personal space patterns in Canada would typically show:
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the two men use more space than the two women.
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Which of the following is TRUE about staring, smiling, and touching?
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Women sustain more eye contact than men.
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Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like is an example of:
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idealization.
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Helping another person to "save face," or avoid embarrassment, is called:
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tact.
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Why is tact a common response in potentially embarrassing situation?
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Because embarrassment provokes discomfort for everyone.
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An airline flight attendant that offers passengers a beverage and a smile illustrates
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emotion management.
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______ is/are the thread that connects members of a society in the symbolic web we call culture.
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Language
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In what two ways does language function to define males and females differently?
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control and value
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A young man refers to his motorcycle, asking, "Isn't she a beauty?" What language function defining the two sexes differently does this demonstrate?
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control
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Which of the following scenarios provides the best potential for a "well-told" joke?
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There is a very sharp contrast between the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality.
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Problems in communication between the genders often arise because:
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what one partner intends by a comment is not always what the other hears in words.
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The significance of "getting" the humour in any joke is a matter of which of the following?
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understanding the two realities involved well enough to appreciate their difference
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Which of the following is NOT a function of humour?
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Humour limits racism and sexism.
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Define social interaction.
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social interaction: the process by which people act and react in relation to others.
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What is the difference between status and status set?
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Status: recognized social position that an individual occupies.
Status set: consists of all the statuses a person holds at a given time.
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What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status?
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Ascribed status: a social position that someone receives at birth or involuntary assumes later in life.
Achieved status: social position that someone assumes voluntarily and that reflects personal ability and effort.
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What is the difference between role and status?
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Role: consists of behaviours expected of someone who holds a particular status. Example would be Rosa parks defied her role to give up her seat to a white male in 1955.
Status: recognized social position that an individual occupies. For example, merchant.
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What is master status and give an example?
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Master status: a status that has exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life. An example of this would be having a handicap.
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What is the difference between role conflict and role strain?
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Role conflict: conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses
Role strain: tension among the roles connected to a single status
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Explain the various ways that language is used in everyday life and how it shapes our reality.
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Language and power:language can help men establish control over their surroundings. Female pronouns are use on certain objects (like boats) thus establishing ownership. Can be shaped by social context.
Language and Value: the language treated as masculine is usually given greater value, force, or significance.
Humour: language can be use to create jokes that plays with words or ideas in contrast with the reality of society, for example "Police begin campaign to run down jaywalkers".
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