Which of the following concepts refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"?
answer
deviance
question
Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime:
answer
refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
question
Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
answer
social control
question
What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?
answer
the criminal justice system
question
Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?
answer
innovator
question
Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?
answer
retreatist
question
The basic idea behind labeling theory is that:
answer
deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
question
What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?
answer
stigma
question
Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to:
answer
the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior.
question
Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations?
answer
white-collar crime
question
Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?
answer
corporate crime
question
Organized crime refers to:
answer
any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
question
A hate crime is defined as:
answer
a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
question
In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?
answer
the act and criminal intent
question
"Crimes against the person" includes all but which of the following?
answer
burglary
question
Prostitution is widely regarded as which of the following types of crime?
answer
victimless crime
question
Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect:
answer
offenses known to the police.
question
The concept of due process refers to:
answer
the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of law.
question
The oldest justification for punishing an offender is:
answer
retribution.
question
The concept criminal recidivism refers to:
answer
later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
question
Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.
answer
False
question
What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world.
answer
False
question
Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.
answer
False
question
The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.
answer
True
question
Corporate crime refers to stealing or other crimes committed against a corporation or other large business.
answer
False
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