SOC CHAPT 11

The quintessential care work, which is usually hands-on, intimate work to provide children with the material, intellectual, and emotional support they need, is Select one: a. pediatrics b. counseling c. teaching d. child care

People who support state-provided early child care argue that Select one: a. most European countries do not offer early childhood education. b. such schooling will not equalize opportunities for children as they grow up. c. the cost of child care and the time required to manage it are major impediments to parents' careers. d. most parents can already afford high-quality child care.

The "motherhood penalty" is Select one: a. post-partum depression often experienced by new mothers. b. the loss of earnings women experience after they have children. c. the weight that women gain during pregnancy. d. the stereotype that mothers are hypersexual.

In the last half-century or so, the main story in the realm of work and family has been Select one: a. the growth of the organized labor movement. b. the growth of market work in the system of care. c. women opting out of paid work to stay at home with their children. d. men's loss of power both at work and at home.

As sociologist Judith Lorber puts it, "Workplace pressures are thought to be unchangeable, so the burden of innovation falls on the _____________." Select one: a. family b. market c. state d. individual

The gender division of labor means that Select one: a. women do the lion's share of housework and care work, and they are concentrated in certain paid occupational areas. b. men and women tend to split labor equally, whether at home or at work. c. women are naturally more capable of performing housework and care work, and they enter those occupations in which they are naturally more talented. d. women have learned to perform tasks traditionally done by men in the workplace, but they continue to perform most housework and care work.

When the welfare system was reformed in 1996, policy makers abandoned the assumption that Select one: a. no single mothers should have to work if they do not want to. b. poor women are not fit to care for their own children. c. the government would provide income support instead of full-time work. d. men, not the state, should care for single women.

The Family and Medical Leave Act made workers entitled to unpaid leave if they become too sick to perform on the job or if they need to care for family members in the event of birth, adoption, or illness. However, not all workers are covered by FMLA. Of the following groups of workers which is covered by this policy? Select one: a. Federal government workers b. executives c. new employees d. women

The sociological perspective on work and family is different from common notions in that it Select one: a. looks primarily at gender and work. b. sees rich people as the enemy. c. attempts to understand the workplace from a functionalist framework. d. pays attention to both the content and social context of work.

Mr. Johnson works a paid job and Mrs. Johnson primarily performs unpaid labor, such as taking care of the home and the children. What is one consequence of this situation? Select one: a. Mr. Johnson is more likely to help out at home. b. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have an egalitarian relationship. c. Mrs. Johnson gains the skills to take care of herself in the case of divorce. d. Mrs. Johnson's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value.

In the late 1970s, about two-thirds of Americans thought that mothers' employment was harmful for their preschool-aged children. Thirty years later, that proportion shrank to one-third, illustrating Select one: a. the limits of the feminist movement, which failed to make care work a waged occupation. b. that women have become better mothers, able to juggle both paid work and child rearing. c. that Americans tend to value the Protestant work ethic, encouraging everyone, despite their social status, to engage in paid labor. d. that popular attitudes toward the appropriate divisions between men and women have gradually shifted.

According to data collected from the American Time Use Survey in 2010, men and women spend an average of how much time working per day? Select one: a. 6 hours and 40 minutes for men; 6 hours and 51 minutes for women b. 7 hours and 30 minutes for men; 10 hours and 50 minutes for women c. 3 hours and 50 minutes for men; 2 hours and 30 minutes for women d. 8 hours and 20 minutes for men; 3 hours and 35 minutes for women

Which factor tends to play the largest role in the options available for balancing work and family? Select one: a. one's intelligence b. one's gender c. quality of one's job d. one's level of education

The most common reason for families to adopt an at-home father arrangement is because Select one: a. the woman can make money more easily. b. the couple is homosexual. c. studies have proven that children develop better with a stay-at-home father. d. the father has lost his job or is unable to work.

When asked why 25-year-old Joy does more housework than her 28-year-old husband Jim, Joy said that Jim works longer hours and she therefore doesn't mind doing some extra work around the house. Joy's explanation is an example of what phenomenon? Select one: a. Spouses commonly rationalize unequal divisions of labor. b. Women tend to have low self-esteem. c. Women are usually submissive to their husbands. d. Younger couples tend to have a more uneven division of labor.

One reason that gender difference in housework (that is, the number of hours per week spent on housework by women as compared to men) has eroded over the last half-century is because Select one: a. children have taken on more housework tasks. b. technology has reduced the time it takes to perform household tasks. c. the total amount of time spent on housework has declined. d. the balance between men and women has not shifted.

What trend in child care does the American Time Use Survey find in the last half-century? Select one: a. Men have increased their time with children while women have decreased their time with children. b. Men and women have not changed their time with children. c. Men and women have both increased their time with children. d. Men have decreased their time with children while women have increased their time with children.

Families that practice what Francine Deutsch calls "equally shared parenting" have succeeded best by Select one: a. letting one parent focus their attention on one child or set of children while another parent focuses their attention on another child or set of children. b. having stay-at-home mothers develop their own hobbies so they don't feel inferior to husbands with full-time jobs. c. outsourcing as much of the parenting responsibilities as possible so as to create more free time for parents. d. focusing on the early childbearing years, when the division of labor tends to be the most strongly marked by gender.

What is one of the consequences of current trends in time use among men and women? Select one: a. Men and women average about the same total number of hours of paid and unpaid work combined. b. Because women earn more money, they are more likely to control family finances. c. Because women's careers stagnate, they are less at risk in case of a divorce. d. Because men do relatively little housework they are less likely to be granted child custody in marriages that end in divorc

While parents with professional careers often have to work extra-long workweeks, working-class parents often Select one: a. have little motivation to have a professional career. b. make most of their earnings from government handouts and subsidies. c. string together a series of overlapping part-time or temporary jobs. d. work multiple full-time jobs.

Care work and housework are increasingly performed as what? Select one: a. market work b. overpaid work c. illegal work d. unpaid work

According to a survey by the Pew Research Center, a large and growing majority of mothers would prefer not to work a full-time job. What percentage of those mothers without jobs think that no job is the ideal work situation? Select one: a. 82% b. 12 % c. 48% d. 25%

One decision that modern families must face is how to divide the housework and care work within the family. This is often a contentious issue for couples, showing that Select one: a. both men and women are taking on more and more care work. b. most couples establish clear communication about who performs which task. c. men and women tend to split care work evenly. d. it is not really "families" that make decisions, but individuals within them.

The most rapid period of change in the gender composition of the workforce occurred in the three decades after 1960 as the proportion of women in the labor force Select one: a. increased from about one-third to three-quarters. b. increased from about one-fourth to nine-tenths. c. decreased from about one-half to one-third. d. decreased from about five-eighths to three-eighths.

Wives substantially outearn their husbands in approximately what fraction of marriages? Select one: a. 4 in 5 b. 1 in 5 c. 3 in 5 d. 2 in 5