Question 1

A moraine is made of which of the following materials?a) Tillb) Outwashc) Solid rockd) Ice

Accepted Answer

a) Till

Question 2

Deserts occur primarily in the Africa, Arabia, and Australia because of ________.a) sinking air currentsb) rising air currentsc) high temperaturesd) mountains that block the moisture and long distances from the oceans

Accepted Answer

a) sinking air currents

Question 3

A cirque is made of which of the following materials?a) Tillb) Outwashc) Solid rock

Accepted Answer

c) Solid rock

Question 4

A(n) ________ is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today.a) outwash plainb) hanging valleyc) striated drumlind) horn peak

Accepted Answer

b) hanging valley

Question 5

An esker is made of which of the following materials?a) Tillb) Outwashc) Solid rockd) Ice

Accepted Answer

b) Outwash

Question 6

What condition is most necessary to build a glacier?a) The elevation of the area must be high enough to allow snow to fall regularly.b) The temperature must be cold enough to cause snow to fall regularly.c) The snow must be able to move downhill slowly.d) More snow must fall in the winter than melts in the summer.

Accepted Answer

d) More snow must fall in the winter than melts in the summer.

Question 7

The most recent Ice Age occurred during the________.a) Pennsylvanian periodb) Miocene epochc) Mesozoic erad) Pleistocene epoch

Accepted Answer

d) Pleistocene epoch

Question 8

A ________ forms when a block of ice is buried in drift and subsequently melts, creating a pit.a) Tarnb) Paternosterc) Kamed) Kettle

Accepted Answer

d) Kettle

Question 9

Which of the following did not exist prior to the Quaternary Ice ages?a) the Mississippi Riverb) the Colorado Riverc) Antarcticad) the Great Lakes

Accepted Answer

d) the Great Lakes

Question 10

Desert and steppe lands cover about what percentage of Earth's land area?a) 10%b) 66%c) 30%d) 3%

Accepted Answer

c) 30%

Question 11

Climatologists define a dry climate as a climate in which ________.a) less than 25 cm (10 in) of rain falls in a yearb) precipitation is blocked by high mountainsc) precipitation is less than expected evaporation

Accepted Answer

c) precipitation is less than expected evaporation

Question 12

Crevasses (deep fractures or cracks) form because ________.

Accepted Answer

as the glacier moves over irregular topography, the brittle upper layer or zone of fracture is subject to tension and cracks above the ductile layer

Question 13

What is the Milankovitch hypothesis? How does this idea relate to Ice Ages?

Accepted Answer

Milankovitch hypothesis describes the collective effects of changes in Earth's movements upon its climate. Milankovic also hypothesized mathmatically that variation in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit determind climatic patterns on Earth through orbital force. Variations in these three cycles (eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession), creates alterations in the seasonality of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. These times of increased and decreased solar radiation directly influence the Earth's climate system, thus impacting the advance and retreat of Earth's glaciers.

Question 14

Milankovitch cycles are used to explain the cycles of cold and warm climates that characterized the Ice Ages based on ________.

Accepted Answer

variations in the earth's orbit about the sun and precession of the earth's axis

Question 15

Desert pavement is the result of ________.a) Deflationb) abrasion by windblown sandc) erosion by running waterd) intense chemical weathering

Accepted Answer

a) Deflation

Question 16

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its position downslope) over a period of many years?a) wastage exceeds accumulationb) accumulation exceeds wastagec) accumulation and wastage are about equald) none of the above

Accepted Answer

b) accumulation exceeds wastage

Question 17

Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?a) Greenlandb) Russia, Siberiac) Icelandd) Antarctica

Accepted Answer

d) Antarctica

Question 18

Which one of the following statements is true?a) Desert landscapes are monotonous, relatively flat areas covered to various depths with sand.b) Deserts and dry lands are concentrated in areas of ascending air masses and relatively low atmospheric pressures.c) Despite infrequent rainfalls, erosional and depositional features of running water are important in desert landscapes.d) Rainshadow deserts occur where air masses descend after having risen to cross an ocean.

Accepted Answer

c) Despite infrequent rainfalls, erosional and depositional features of running water are important in desert landscapes.

Question 19

Today, glaciers cover approximately ________ percent of the earth's surface.a) 1b) 10c) 30d) 50

Accepted Answer

b) 10

SCIN100 -- Chapter 6

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