Quiz Chapter 6 Bone And Skeletal Tissues

Interstitial growth occurs when chondrocytes divide and form new matrix, thereby expanding the cartilage tissue from within. (Note: the word inter means between, and stitial means space; these are common roots for anatomical terms.)

Hyaline cartilage covers the ends of long bones as articular cartilage, providing springy pads that absorb compression at joints.

The patella, kneecap, is a sesamoid bone, a special type of short bone that forms in tendons. It functions to alter the direction of pull of the tendon.

Red bone marrow found within certain regions of spongy bone is the site of blood cell formation from the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.

Bone is a reservoir for calcium and phosphate.

Bones produce osteocalcin, a hormone which not only helps regulate bone formation, but also protects against obesity, glucose intolerance, and diabetes mellitus.

The external membrane of bone, the perisosteum, includes a fibrous outer layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

The articular cartilage at the ends of long bones is formed from hyaline cartilage.

Yellow bone marrow within the medullary cavity is composed primarily of adipose tissue (fat).

Hematopoietic tissue is found in the spaces within the red bone marrow found within certain body locations consisting of spongy bone. Examples include the diploe of flat bones and the proximal epiphyses of the femur and humerus (pictured).

The circular structural unit found within compact bone is termed the osteon.

Lamellae are layers of bony matrix synthesized by osteoblasts during bone growth and maintenance.

A Haversian (or central) canal runs lengthwise at the center of each osteon.

Cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes form contacts within hairlike canals, termed canaliculi, within the lamellae. Сanaliculi allow for communication and exchange of materials between osteocytes.

The honeycomb-like network of spongy bone is constructed of bony plates called trebeculae.

A trochanter is a bone projection. All of the other choices listed are categorized as depressions or openings.

Osteoblasts are the bone-forming cells that produce the organic bone matrix, the osteoid. Mature bone is produced once the inorganic matrix forms around the cells and collagen fibers of the organic matrix.

The structural unit of compact bone is the osteon, an elongated cylinder oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone.

Parathyroid hormone functions to stimulate the activity of osteoclasts in bone tissue.

Remodeling goes on continuously in the skeleton, regulated by genetic factors and two control loops that serve different "masters." One is a negative feedback hormonal loop that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis in the blood. The other involves responses to mechanical and gravitational forces acting on the skeleton.

Osteoporosis refers to groups of diseases in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit. The bones become fragile and easily fractured. The composition of the matrix remains normal, but bone mass declines, and the bones become porous and light.