The following statements describe something about the body structures or functions of fungi. Identify those statements that are correct.
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All fungi are heterotrophs; some species live as decomposers and others as symbionts.
Some fungi secrete digestive enzymes into the environment and then absorb the digested nutrients.
Some fungi can grow as either filamentous or single-celled forms.
Mycelia are made up of small-diameter hyphae that form an interwoven mass, providing more surface area for nutrient absorption
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Septobasidium spp.
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Fungal hyphae penetrate a living scale insect's body and absorb its nutrients. The individual insect that serves as the food source is immobilized, but the rest of the insect colony benefits from the shelter the fungus provides.
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mycorrhizal fungi on
pine tree roots
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Mycorrhizal fungi associate with roots and receive carbohydrates from the pine tree. The tree receives phosphorus, and may die without this association.
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fungi in the family Lepiotaceae
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Leaf-cutter ants cultivate fungal gardens that consist of fungi in the family Lepiotaceae. The ants feed and care for the fungi,and the fungi serve as a food source for the ants.
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Cordyceps spp.
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Spores from these fungi attach to insects. The mycelium grows into the insect's body and absorbs nutrients from the soft tissues. Eventually the fungus sends up its reproductive structure through the insect's head.
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Trichophyton spp.
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Trichophyton is one genus of fungi responsible for athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. The fungi colonize the outer skin layer and utilize keratin as their food source.
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coprophilous fungi
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These fungi absorb nutrients from animal feces.
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Cryphonectria parasitica
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C. parasitica absorb nutrients after breaking down the cells of living chestnut trees, causing chestnut blight.
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Decomposers:
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Fungi in association with a dead rabbit
Fungi in association with a fallen log
Coprophilous fungi
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Mutualists:
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Mycorrhizal fungi on pine tree roots
Fungi in the family Lepiotaceae
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Parasites:
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Septobasidium spp. and an individual scale insect infected by fungal hyphae
Cordyceps spp.
Trichophyton spp.
Cryphonectria parasitica
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Fungi produce _____ spores.
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haploid
Fungal spores are haploid.
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Karyogamy produces a _____.
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diploid zygote
Karyogamy is the fusion of nuclei.
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Plasmogamy is indicated by the letter _____.
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B. Fusion of the cytoplasm
Plasmogamy is the fusion of hyphae.
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Which of these contains two haploid nuclei?
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the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle
The heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy.
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Zygosporangia are _____.
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heterokaryotic
Zygosporangia are produced by plasmogamy.
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The process indicated by the letter _____ produces a diploid structure.
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C. Karyogamy produces a diploid zygote.
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Cup fungi are in the phylum _____.
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Ascomycota
Cup fungi are a type of sac fungus.
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Which of these structures bears asci?
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Ascocarps bear asci.
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In sac fungi, karyogamy and meiosis occur in _____.
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asci
Karyogamy and meiosis in asci produce ascospores.
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A nucleus within an ascus undergoes meiosis, producing four haploid spores, which then undergo mitosis, producing eight haploid ascospores. These haploid ascospores contain a maximum of _____ different genetic types.
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4,
Meiosis of a diploid cell produces four genetically different cells. A cell that undergoes mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
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Which of these is a basidiocarp?
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A mushroom is a basidiocarp.
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In club fungi, karyogamy and meiosis occur in _____.
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basidia
Karyogamy and meiosis in basidia produce basidiospores.
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