Unit 4

23 August 2022
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Classicism, as a stylistic period in Western music, roughly encompassed the years ______. Classicism, as a stylistic period in Western music, roughly encompassed the years ______.
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1750-1820
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The fully developed classical style in music flourished during the period ______.
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1770-1820
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Which of the following statements is not true of the classical period?
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Philosophers and writers in the classical period believed that custom and tradition, rather than reason, were the best guides to human conduct.
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Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and _____ were two of the more important preclassical composers.
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Johann Christian Bach
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Which of the following composers is not considered a master of the classical period?
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Johann Christian Bach
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Which of the following statements is not true? Multiple Choice In the classical period, composers were influenced by folk and popular music. While a late baroque musical composition may convey a single emotion, a classical composition will fluctuate in mood. Composers in the classical period continued to use terraced dynamics in their compositions. The basso continuo was gradually abandoned during the classical period.
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Composers in the classical period continued to use terraced dynamics in their compositions.
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Which of the following characteristics is not typical of the music of the classical period?
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Classical music is basically polyphonic.
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Which of the following statements is not true of the music of the classical period? Classical composers stressed balance and clarity of structure. The standard orchestra, comprised of four sections, evolved during the classical period. The basso continuo was the nucleus of the instrumental ensemble Classical melodies are among the most tuneful and easy to remember.
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The basso continuo was the nucleus of the instrumental ensemble
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What did the typical orchestra of the classical period consist of?
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Strings, woodwinds, horns, trumpets, and timpani
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Which of the following instruments were not normally included in the classical orchestra?
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Trombones
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What is a symphony?
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A sonata for orchestra
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What was social mobility like during the classical period?
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An important factor in the rise of the middle class
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Political and economic power shifted to the middle class from the aristocracy and the ______.
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church
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In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by ______.
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folk and popular music
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The prospering middle class in the classical period sought aristocratic luxuries such as ______.
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theater literature music All answers are correct.
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Public concerts presented by the Concert des Amateurs in Paris in the 1770s were conducted by ______.
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the Chevalier de Saint-Georges
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Which of the following statements is not true? Political and economic power shifted during the classical period from the middle class to the aristocracy and the church. Joseph Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered a skilled servant, like a gardener or gamekeeper. Townspeople organized public concerts where, for the price of admission, they could hear the latest symphonies and concertos. Comic operas in the classical period treated middle-class subjects, had folklike tunes, and sometimes even ridiculed the aristocracy.
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Political and economic power shifted during the classical period from the middle class to the aristocracy and the church.
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Joseph Haydn was content to spend most of his life as what?
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An employee of a wealthy aristocratic family
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Vienna, when Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were active, ______.
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was the fourth-largest city in Europe was the seat of the Holy Roman Empire had a population of almost 250,000 All answers are correct.
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In the classical period, comic operas sometimes ______.
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ridiculed the aristocracy
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In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart ______.
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became close friends
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Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ________ movement of a multimovement work.
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first slow final fast All answers are correct
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Sonata form consists of three main sections: exposition, development, and ______.
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recapitulation
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In the exposition of a sonata-form movement, what happens?
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The second theme is in a new key.
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In the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement, what happens?
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The closing section is in the tonic key.
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At the end of a classical exposition there usually is a ______.
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repeat sign
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Which of the following statements is not true? The development section of a sonata form almost always takes the main thematic material through several different keys. The second theme returns in the recapitulation of a sonata form movement in an exact repetition of its statement in the exposition. The coda of a sonata form movement rounds off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further. A fast movement in sonata form is sometimes preceded by a slow introduction that creates a strong feeling of expectancy.
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The second theme returns in the recapitulation of a sonata form movement in an exact repetition of its statement in the exposition.
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A transitional passage that leads to a contrasting section is called a ______.
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bridge
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A modulation from the home key to a new key in the exposition of a sonata form movement takes place in the ______.
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bridge
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A feeling of harmonic tension and forward motion is created in the exposition of a sonata form movement by ______.
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the conflict of tonalities between the first and second themes
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Short musical ideas or fragments of themes that are developed within a composition are called ______.
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motives
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How should the sonata form be viewed as?
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A set of principles that serve to shape and unify contrasts of theme and key
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Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as ______.
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AA'A''A'''A''''
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Which of the following statements is not true? Each variation in a theme-and-variations form is unique and may differ in mood from the theme. The form called theme and variations is widely used in the classical period, either as an independent piece or as one movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet. The recapitulation section is an important way for a composer to develop variations in a theme-and-variations form. In a theme-and-variations movement, a basic musical idea is repeated over and over and is changed each time.
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The recapitulation section is an important way for a composer to develop variations in a theme-and-variations form.
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Which of the following elements is usually not changed in varying the theme in theme-and-variations form?
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Length
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The _________ movement of Haydn's Surprise Symphony is in theme-and-variations form.
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second
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The minuet-and-trio movement of a classical symphony, string quartet, or other work, is in ____________ form.
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ABA
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The movement of a symphony that is often patterned after a dance is the ______.
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third
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The character of the minuet is best described as ______.
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stately and dignified
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The minuet is in _______ meter.
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triple
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minuet? Triple meter Moderate tempo Quick, lively tempo ABA form
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Quick, lively tempo
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Which of the following statements is not true? rev: 12_01_2017_QC_CS-111021 The minuet movement of a symphony or string quartet is often the third movement. The character of the minuet is best described as brisk and lively. In many of Beethoven's compositions, the third movement is not a minuet but a related form in triple meter called a scherzo. The scherzo differs from the minuet in that it moves more quickly, generating energy, rhythmic drive, and rough humor.
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The character of the minuet is best described as brisk and lively.
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In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _______ movement instead of the minuet.
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scherzo
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The scherzo differs from the minuet in that it ______.
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moves more quickly
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A _____________ is a musical composition that is usually light in mood, and meant for evening entertainment.
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serenade
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The double bass in the classical orchestra, as in Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, often does what?
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Doubles the cello part an octave lower
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When performers encounter the phrase, da capo, they ______.
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return to the beginning of the piece and repeat the music
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The rondo may be schematically outlined as _______.
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ABACABA
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The main theme in a rondo movement is usually ______.
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lively, pleasing, and simple to remember
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The return of the main theme in rondo form is all the more welcome because it is usually ______.
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in the tonic key
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The main theme of the rondo does what?
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Is usually in the tonic key
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The rondo was used ______.
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as late as the twentieth century
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Which of the following statements is not true? A rondo movement features a tuneful main theme which returns several times in alternation with other themes. The rondo as a musical form was not used in musical compositions after the classical period. A common rondo pattern is ABACABA. Rondo form is often combined with elements of sonata form to produce the sonata-rondo.
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The rondo as a musical form was not used in musical compositions after the classical period.
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What is a symphony?
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A musical composition for orchestra, usually in four movements A work typically lasting between 20 and 45 minutes An extended, ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra All answers are correct.
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The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is ______.
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fast, slow, dance-related, fast
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The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast, and in _____ form.
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sonata
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The slow movement of a symphony is usually not ______.
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in the tonic key
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Which of the following statements is not true? In most classical symphonies, each movement is a self-contained composition with its own themes. Beethoven's concluding movement of a symphony tends to be triumphant and heroic in character and sometimes is meant as the climax of the whole symphony. The opening movement of a classical symphony is almost always slow and in ABA form. A classical symphony usually consists of four movements that evoke a wide range of emotions through contrasts of tempo and mood.
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The opening movement of a classical symphony is almost always slow and in ABA form.
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The lyrical slow movement of a symphony is most often the ______.
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second
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The slow movement of a classical symphony ______.
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is generally not in the tonic key
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The last movement of a classical symphony ______.
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is most often in sonata or sonata-rondo form is usually fast, lively, and brilliant, but somewhat lighter in mood than the opening movement is always in the tonic key of the symphony All answers are correct.
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One way that unity is often achieved in the classical symphony is by the use of the same ______.
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key in three of its four movements
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A classical concerto usually lasts around _______.
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20 to 45 minutes
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A classical concerto is a three-movement work for ______.
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instrumental soloist and orchestra
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The favored solo instrument in the classical concerto was the ______.
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piano
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What is the essence of a classical concerto?
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Interplay between a soloist and the orchestra
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A typical sequence of movements in a classical concerto is ______.
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fast, slow, fast
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The first movement of a classical concerto ______.
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has two expositions
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A brilliant solo section in a concerto designed to display the performer's virtuosity is called ______.
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a cadenza
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Classical chamber music is designed ______.
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for the intimate setting of a small room
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The most important form of classical chamber music is the ______.
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string quartet
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A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music ______.
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is performed by one player per part
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The string quartet ______.
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usually consists of four movements is the most important form in classical chamber music is written for two violins, viola, and cello All answers are correct.
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The classical string quartet is a musical composition for ______.
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two violins, viola, and cello
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The piano trio is a musical composition for ______.
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violin, cello, and piano
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Haydn was fortunate in having a long and fruitful, as well as financially stable, relationship with the noble Hungarian family of ______.
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Esterházy
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Which of the following was not one of Haydn's duties while in the service of the Esterházys? Composing all the music requested by his patron Conducting the orchestra Coaching the singers for operatic performances Writing a cantata each week for Sunday services.
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Writing a cantata each week for Sunday services.
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Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered ______.
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a skilled servant
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Although Haydn spent most of his time in Hungary, he often traveled to ________, where his music was performed often and greatly admired.
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London
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Haydn's two popular oratorios are entitled The Seasons and ______.
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The Creation
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Haydn was a prolific composer, as demonstrated in part by his 68 string quartets and 104 ______.
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symphonies
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Haydn's music? The music is robust and direct, radiating a healthy optimism. The minuets often romp and stomp rather than bow and curtsy. It is mostly static, showing few changes in texture and orchestration. Many works have a folk flavor, due to the use of actual peasant tunes and original melodies in folklike style.
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It is mostly static, showing few changes in texture and orchestration.
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Along with his symphonies, Haydn's ___________ are considered his most important works.
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string quartets
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Mozart was born in ______.
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Salzburg, Austria
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Which of the following statements is not true? Mozart wrote masterpieces in all the musical forms of his time. Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart was continually on tour in England and Europe. In his later years, Mozart was financially well off, widely acclaimed, and sought after by an adoring public. Mozart's trips to Italy enabled him to study and master the current operatic style.
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In his later years, Mozart was financially well off, widely acclaimed, and sought after by an adoring public.
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Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart ______.
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was continually on tour in England and Europe
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Mozart tried to find fame and fortune by moving to _________, at the age of twenty-five.
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Vienna
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Mozart composed his Requiem ______.
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on commission from a stranger
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Mozart's Requiem was ______.
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finished by one of his pupils
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Why did Mozart's music fall out of favor with Vienna audiences towards the end of this life?
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The Viennese thought that it was too complicated and contained too many dissonances.
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Don Giovanni, in Mozart's opera of that name, is _____.
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the legendary Spanish lover
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Mozart's Symphony No. 40 ______.
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featured an emotional intensity uncommon for the time
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The Third Symphony of Beethoven was originally composed to commemorate the deeds of _________ as the embodiment of heroism and democratic ideals.
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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Beethoven ______.
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was a brilliant pianist was self-educated and had read widely, but was weak in elementary arithmetic began to feel the first symptoms of deafness in his twenty-ninth year All answers are correct.
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Which of the following statements is not true? The finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is based on Schiller's poem about human brotherhood, Ode to Joy. Beethoven opened new realms of musical expression that profoundly influenced composers throughout the nineteenth century. Like Haydn and many other composers of the classical period, Beethoven depended on the aristocracy for his financial well-being. In the finale of his Ninth Symphony, Beethoven took the unprecedented step of using a chorus and four solo vocalists.
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Like Haydn and many other composers of the classical period, Beethoven depended on the aristocracy for his financial well-being.
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We have a record of Beethoven's struggle with his musical material because he did what?
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Showed his workflow in musical sketchbooks
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Beethoven's late works, composed after he was totally deaf, include ______.
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Missa solemnis String quartets The Ninth Symphony All answers are correct.
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What following technique did Beethoven use more extensively in his late works?
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Fugal counterpoint
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Beethoven is often credited as being ______.
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the bridge between the classical and romantic periods
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The opening motive of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 has a ____________ rhythm.
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short-short-short-long
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#1 Listening Quiz:
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Mozart-Symphony Haydn-Symphony Beethoven-Chamber music Haydn-Concerto Mozart-Opera Mozart-Concerto Beethoven-Sonata Beethoven-Sonata Mozart-Serenade Mozart-Mass
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Review 2-69
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Know composer, title, texture, tempo, and basic characteristics of each piece
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Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, I-IV Listening Response
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Symphony No. 40 I : Which of the following instrument groups is NOT heard in this selection? Percussion How does the tempo change between the first and second themes in the exposition? The tempo does not change, but there is a pause in the music. How does the bridge passage in the recapitulation differ from the exposition? It is longer. Symphony No. 40 II: This movement is written in _________ form. sonata Introduced by the violins, the main rhythmic motive of the movement is a two-note pattern. What is the mood of this movement? tender Symphony No 40 III: This movement is a minuet. What is the form of the movement? Ternary Which of the following statements is true about the meter of this movement? It is in 3/4 throughout. Symphony No 40 IV: This movement is in __________ form. sonata Haydn: Symphony No. 94 in G Major, Surprise, II What musical element, popular in the baroque period, is prominent in the first theme? Terraced dynamics The opening of the development section features the orchestra playing tutti. What is the texture of the exposition? the development? homophonic; polyphonic
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Haydn: Symphony No. 94 in G Major, Surprise, II Listening Response
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What is the "surprise" in this movement that gives the symphony its subtitle? A loud chord in a very quiet passage Which of the following is NOT a variation technique heard in this movement? Each phrase of the theme is played by a different soloist. Which statement most accurately describes the tempo of this movement? The tempo is relatively consistent for the entire movement.
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Mozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525, III Listening Response
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What kinds of instruments did you hear? Strings only Correct What is the meter throughout the piece? Triple Correct How is the accompaniment played in the opening minuet? In an emphatic and staccato manner Correct How does the melody in the trio section contrast with the minuet? It is more legato and moves in smaller steps.
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Beethoven: String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No. 4, IV Listening Response
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In the opening section, the melody is played by which instrument(s)? The violin plays the melody. The opening section returns several times in the movement. Each time it returns it is varied in one or more ways. Which statement best describes the tempo in this selection? It is the same until the end and then it is much faster. According to the title this work is in the key of C minor. Which statement is true? The work has sections in both major and minor keys.
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Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major, III Listening Response
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In addition to the solo trumpet, what other instruments do you hear? Strings, woodwinds, and percussion The rondo theme is first introduced by the ensemble. After that, it is presented by the trumpet. The tempo of this movement is consistent throughout. What is unique about the coda section? It includes unexpected harmonic twists.
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Don Giovanni Excerpts Listening Response
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Introduction: Does the music in this excerpt remain the same throughout or does it change? The music changes significantly as the action unfolds. Mozart called this an opera buffa, or comic opera. Does the music fit this description? No, the music sounds very dramatic and agitated. Which statement accurately reflects how the sung text is treated? Sometimes different singers sing different words at the same time. What helps to distinguish the different characters in this scene for the listener? Each character has a different vocal range and distinctive voice. Là ci darem la mano: How many singers are featured in this aria? two The texture of this aria is best described as homophonic. What instrument family is not heard in the orchestral accompaniment? Percussion What happens musically as Don Giovanni and Zerlina agree to mutually fall in love at the end of the aria? They sing similar melodies simultaneously.
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Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, K. 488, I: Listening Response
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Which statement best describes the relationship between the orchestra and the piano in this movement? They are more or less equal partners. When is the piano first heard in the movement? At the repeat of the exposition During the cadenza, the pianist plays unaccompanied and with virtuosity. The tempo during this movement stays mostly the same.
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Mozart: Requiem, Dies Irae: Listening Response
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The rhythmic pattern of the opening phrase ("Dies irae") is long-long-short-short Which instrument adds percussive accents throughout the movement? Timpani The texture of this movement is mostly homophonic.
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Beethoven: Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13 (Pathétique), I, II, & III:Listening Response
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How does the performer in this recording treat the tempo in the slow introduction? The tempo is treated flexibly with slower and faster sections. Is the exposition repeated in this recording? No How many times does music from the slow introduction RETURN in this movement? Twice The development section is based on which theme(s)? Motives from the introduction and the bridge
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Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67, I, II, III, & IV: Listening response
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The movement opens with perhaps the most famous four tones in all of music. What happens next? The same rhythm repeats with different pitches. Correct After the four-note motive introduces the second theme, what happens to it? It is repeated as part of the accompaniment to a new theme. Correct What new feature is introduced when the opening material is repeated in the recapitulation? An oboe solo. Correct Which of the following statements about the coda are true? All of these statements are true:the coda is very long indeed and you can clearly hear the opening themes throughout it. In addition Beethoven introduces new material, which can be heard starting at 6:10.