Psychology Unit 1 Quizzes

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ___________________________________. A. genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior B. sensation and the effect of culture on perception C. the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior D. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Dr. Green studies the relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior people display across different situations. She is convinced that each person has just a handful of these attributes help to explain the differences between people. Dr. Green is probably a ___________. A. Personality psychologist B. Developmental psychologist C. social psychologist D. clinical psychologist

The ___________ is the entire group of people you are interested in learning about through research, while the _______ is a small subset of that group that you actually observe in your study. A. sample; population B. population; sample C. control group; experimental group D. experimental group; control group

A major advantage of a case study is ______________________________. A. it is easy to generalize your findings B. you have a large sample size C. you get a lot of detailed information D. you can collect a large amount of data very quickly

If i wanted to collect data from a large group of people quickly, the method to use would probably be a ________. A. longitudinal study B. survey C. case study

Dr. Swali conducted research with 1,000 participants and found that the majority of her participants made numerous driving errors when they completed a driving simulation while talking on their cell phones. She then went to conclude that people in general are bad at driving while talking on their phones and that we should encourage drivers to wait until they are stopped before beginning a phone conversation. Dr. Swali made a _______________ when she applied her specific results to a larger segment on society. A. theory B. generalization C. hypothesis D. correlation

One of the most important aspects of a good naturalistic observation is that ___________________________________________________. A. the researcher manipulates the situation, changing something to see how the participants will react B. the researcher only observes humans; naturalistic observation is not a good way to study non-human animals C. the researcher asks the participants a wide variety of questions D. the researcher/observer is inconspicuous- in other words, the people being observed don't know they are being observed

In a __________ study researchers observe the same group of people over a long period of time, while in a ________________ study researchers observe multiple groups of different people of different ages at the same time. A. cross-sectional; longitudinal B. longitudinal; cross-sectional C. archival; case D. case; archival

____________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships A. correlational B. experimental C. archival D. survey

Dr. Patwardhan and colleagues report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? A. case study B. survey C. experiment D. naturalistic observation

To be sure that observations made during naturalistic observations are as objective as possible and don't suffer from observer bias, researchers will typically have more than one person observe the same events/participants. Afterward, they will compare their observations to make sure they are consistent, checking for _______________. A. generalizations B. confirmation bias C. double-blind mistakes D. inter-rater reliability

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as __________. A. surveys B. experiments C. naturalistic observations D. case studies

Dr. Jilette, who works for a university that gets part of its funding from the federal government, wants to conduct research on his students' study habits. Before he starts his research, he must _______________________________________. A. debrief his students' so they know what will happen in the study B. get his proposed research approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at his university C. submit his research proposal to the other psychologists in his department so they can make sure it is ethical D. get his proposed research approved by his university's Institutional Review Board

One way that researchers protect their participants' right to privacy is through _______, making sure that all data collected can only be seen by the researchers and that all data is only used in the ways the researcher specified to the IRB. A. debriefing B. anonymity C. confidentiality D. deception

____________ is the ethical principle that states that a researcher must describe the nature of a study, including any potential risks and benefits, to a participant before the participant agrees to be part of the study. A. informed consent B. anonymity C. debriefing D. voluntary participation

Researchers keep participants' names separate from their data to keep the data ________ and protect their participants' right to privacy. A. debriefed B. anonymous C. confidential

The ethical principle that states that research participants should be allowed to quit a study at any time without penalty is ___________________. A. debriefing B. the right to privacy C. voluntary participation D. informed consent

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to deception in research? A. Using deception in research is considered unethical and will not be approved by an IRB B. Using deception is sometimes considered ethical, but when it is used participants generally are unhappy and feel more mistrust of psychologist and even people in general C. using deception is considered ethical and will always be approved by an IRB D. using deception is considered ethical as long as there is a good reason why it is necessary and participants are informed about the deception after they finish participating in the study

Every person a researcher is interested in better understanding by conducting research is a part of the study's __________, while the actual people who participate in the research are called the ___________. A. sample; population B. participants; population C. representative group; sample D. population; sample

If we want to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables we can use a(n) _________ as our research method. A. correlation B. case study C. naturalistic observation D. experiment E. any of the above, depending on how you set up your study

Dr. Green is interested in how much caffeine affects memory. To study this, he manipulates how much caffeine his participants get before they take a memory test. Because caffeine is the variable being manipulated, it is the ________ in this example. A. confounding variable B. independent variable C. double-blind variable D. dependent variable

Your friend jus told you that he read on the internet that there is a correlation of 93 between how long someone lives and how much chocolate they eat. So now your friend has decided to eat chocolate with every meal. You should... A. remind your friend that correlation does not equal causation B. join him- with such a strong correlation it'll probably help you live longer too! C. remind your friend that correlation coefficients can't be 93- they are always between -1 and 1 D. both A and C

Which of the following correlations coefficients represents the strongest correlation? A. a correlation of -0.24 B. a correlation of 0.76 C. a correlation of 37 D. a correlation of -0.89

Sometimes people believe there are relationships between two things when those relationships do not actually exist. This is called a(n) _________. A. confounding variable B. confirmational correlation C. correlation coefficient D. illusory correlation

With a negative correlation, A. as one variable increases, the other variable decreases B. as one variable increases, the other variable increases C. as one variable decreases, the other variable decreases D. there is no relationship between the variables

In an experiment, the ___________ is the variable that the research measures. A. confounding variable B. double-blind variable C. dependent variable D. independent variable

If i give my happy, optimistic sister a measure of depression everyday for a week and it always says she is clinically depressed (even though she shows no symptoms of depression and all other scales she's taken say she is not depressed), the measure i am using is __________________. A. reliable but not valid B. reliable and valid C. valid but not reliable

If you were told there was a positive correlation between salary and the number of depressive symptoms people display, you would know that typically A. the lower someone is paid, the more depressive symptoms they display B. the lower someone is paid, the fewer depressive symptoms they display C. higher salaries cause more depressive symptoms D. the higher someone is paid, the fewer depressive symptoms they display