Psychology Ch 14

1. Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

2. A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

3. Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

4. A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

5. What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

6. ________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

7. ________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

8. ________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

9. Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

10. Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

11. ________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

12. The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

13. Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

14. The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

15. Who said, "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"?

16. Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

17. A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.

18. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

19. Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

20. Which of the following is an example of a stressor?

21. Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

22. A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.

23. Which of the following is an example of eustress?

24. People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.

25. Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

26. Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

27. Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

28. Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

29. Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

30. Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

31. Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

32. Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.

33. Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

34. Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

35. Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

36. A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

37. Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

38. Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

39. Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

40. Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

41. Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

42. What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

43. In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

44. Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

45. Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

46. What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

47. Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout?

48. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

49. Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?

50. Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?