A polar molecule is positively charged on 1 side and negatively on the other.
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Name the elements that make up water.
answer
Water is made up of a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
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What charge does the hydrogen have in a molecule of water?
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It has a negative charge.
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What charge does the oxygen have in a molecule of water?
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It has a positive charge.
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The (a) ____ atom of one water molecule will bond with (b)____ atoms of other water molecules.
answer
a- oxygen
b- hydrogen
The oxygen atom of one water molecule will bond with hydrogen atoms of other water molecules.
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What are the bonds called between two hydrogen atoms?
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They are called hydrogen bonds.
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Explain why it is important for hydrogen bonds to be weak bonds instead of strong bonds.
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It is important for hydrogen bonds to be weak bonds instead of strong bonds because it gives water its unique characteristics.
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Station 2:
Define mixture
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A material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed but not chemically combined.
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What are two types of mixtures.
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Herbs and salad dressing are an example.
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Define solute.
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A solute is the substance being dissolved.
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Define solvent.
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The substance in which the solute dissolves
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Why is water considered the greatest solvent on Earth?
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Water's polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules.
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Describe the appearance of the test tube with oil and salt.
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It did not dissolve and the salt fell to the bottom.
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Describe the appearance of the test tube with water and salt.
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The salt dissolved with the water and it DID not fall to the bottom.
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Describe the significant of water being a universal solvent in our bodies.
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It can dissolve substances and it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients with it.
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Station 3:
How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule have?
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It can have as much as 4
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Define cohesion.
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Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance.
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Define adhesion
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Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances.
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How many drops can fit on a penny?
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26
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How many drops on rubbing alcohol?
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18
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What does the solution (water)look like on the penny?
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It had a larger bubble over the penny.
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What does the solution (rubbing alcohol) look like on the penny?
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The bubble was not as large and it was not over the penny that much.
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Explain why more water drops could fit on a penny when compared to rubbing alcohol?
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Water likes to stick to itself while the rubbing alcohol slides off.
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What property of water allows the water to stick to the penny?
answer
Cohesion
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What property of water allows the water to form a dome-like structure on top of the penny?
answer
Adhesion
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Describe an example of cohesion and adhesion that you might observe during your daily life.
answer
Pine needles on a rainy day show cohesion and adhesion because the water sticks to itself creating water droplets.
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Station 4:
Why can solid ice float on liquid water?
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Ice is less dense than water.
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When a lake freezes, how does the density of water prevent all of the living organisms in the lake from freezing as well?
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The floating ice insulates the liquid water below.
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Describe why the polymer ball is at the bottom of the vegetable oil.
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The ball is more dense than the oil.
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Describe why ice floats on the water.
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Ice is less dense than the water, causing it to float.
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Imagine a world where ice was more dense than liquid water. What would this world be like? What would the consequences be for life in your local freshwater streams and lakes?
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Life would be impossible on Earth because all bodies of water would be frozen solid.
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Station 5:
What 2 properties of water contribute to capillary action?
answer
Cohesion
Adhesion
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How does water move up the thin walls of a tube? What is it sticking to?
answer
Water is attracted to the walls of a tube. The water sticks to itself.
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Explain why the vessels that transport water in trees must be very small in diameter.
answer
There has to be less of a distance.
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Station 6:
How does water hold up materials that is heavier than itself?
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Surface tension allows the water to hold up materials heavier than itself.
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What property of water gives it a high surface tension?
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The cohesive property.
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What property of water allows the paper clips to be attracted to the plain water?
answer
Cohesion
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How did the soap affect the paper clip's ability to float?
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It affected the cohesive property of water.
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Explain why this property of water is essential for organisms like water bugs.
answer
This is essential for water bugs so that they can walk on the surface of water. It is also important so they can be attached and so there is mobility.
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A wolf spider is able to sit on a body of water without falling through. How is this possible?
answer
This is possible because the wolf spider's weight is not enough to break the surface tension.
The bond is too strong for cohesion to break it.
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The Green Basilisk Lizard can run to water.
answer
It is incontart with a wide area of the water, and its lightweight keep it atop.
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Station 7:
Define heat of vaporization.
answer
The heat of vaporization is the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram to be converted from a liquid to a gas (BOILING POINT)
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What causes water to have a high heat of vaporization?
answer
Adhesion causes water to have a high heat of vaporization.
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What happens to the surface when water evaporates?
answer
The surface of water the remains will cool down.
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How does water's high heat of vaporization help you feel cooler when you sweat?
answer
Water's high heat of vaporization helps because it extracts the sweat.
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Describe the importance of high heat of vaporization to ecosystems?
answer
It moderates the temperature of the ecosystem.
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Station 8:
Define specific heat.
answer
Specific heat is the amount of heat per unit of mass required to raise the temperature by 1 degree Celsius.
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Why do large bodies of water not change temperature easily?
answer
Water has a high heat capacity. As water freezes, its molecules spread apart into a specific arrangement that makes frozen water less dense than liquid water.
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Make some observations about what you saw during the demonstration? (balloon)
answer
The balloon filled with the water did not pop.
The water maintained the same temperature.
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Explain why one balloon popped and the other remained intact.
answer
The water maintained its temperature.
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How do you think specific heat of water allows organism to maintain a steady internal body temp?How does this help humans maintain homeostasis?
answer
It keeps the temperature relatively constant.
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