Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome?
a. protein synthesis
b. energy production
c. cell movement
d. storage of molecules
answer
a. protein synthesis
question
Because muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelles would be prevalent in those types of cells?
a. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
c. cytoskeleton
d. cell membrane
answer
b. mitochondria
question
Which of the following organelles is responsible for storing genetic information?
a. nucleus
b. ribosomes
c. cell membrane
d. lysosomes
answer
a. nucleus
question
In the human body, which of the following organs is in a superior position to the lungs?
a. stomach
b. trachea
c. spleen
d. heart
answer
b. trachea
question
Describe the part of the arm that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body.
answer
Distal refers to farthest away.
The thumb is farthest away from the shoulder of the body.
question
Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs?
a. alveoli
b. heart
c. trachea
d. diaphragm
answer
d. diaphragm
question
Which of the following statement best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function?
a. alveoli are large to maximize gas exchange
b. the walls the alveoli are thin to increase rate of diffusion
c. the walls of the alveoli are thick to prevent pressure buildup
d. alveoli are small to increase the transportation of cells
answer
b. the walls the alveoli are thin to increase rate of diffusion
The thin walls decreases the distance between the air and bloodstream, increasing the rate of diffusion.
question
Which of the following statement best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?
a. it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body.
b. it involves the inhalation and exhalation of gases into the environment
c. it exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment
.d. it maintains proper blood level pH
answer
c. it exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment
question
Which of the following conditions causes a narrowing of airways in the respiratory system?
a. influenza
b. bronchitis
c. asthma
d. pneumonia
answer
c. asthma
question
Describe what will occur in the blood if the tidal volume in the lungs increases.
answer
Increasing the tidal volume will increase diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream.
Oxygen will increase in the bloodstream.
Changing the tidal volume will not have a direct effect on heart rate or surfactant.
question
Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?
a. blood cells
b. muscle tissue split into two chambers
c. muscle tissue split into four chambers
d. four ventricles
answer
c. muscle tissue split into four chambers
question
Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?
a. red blood cells
b. plasma
c. dissolved gases
d. leukocytes
answer
a. red blood cells
Red blood cells contains hemoglobin, which transport oxygen.
question
Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs?
a. left ventricle
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
answer
d. right ventricle
Left atrium: accepts blood from lungs
Right atrium: accepts blood from the body
Left ventricle: pumps blood to the body
question
Which of the following statements best describes the function of veins?
a. veins carry deoxygenated blood
b. veins carry oxygenated blood
c. veins carry blood back to the heart
d. veins carry blood away from the heart
answer
c. veins carry blood back to the heart
Veins transport blood from the lungs or he body to the heart.
Veins can carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.
question
Describe two chambers of the heart that have thicker walls. Why would these chambers be thicker?
answer
Ventricles use a large amount of pressure to push blood to different parts of the body. This puts quite a bit of force on these chambers.
question
In which of the following organs does digestion begin?
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas
answer
a. mouth
question
In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?
a. mucus
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas
answer
b. stomach
question
Which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?
a. mucus
b. microvilli
c. enzymes
d. hormones
answer
b. microvilli
question
Which of the following statements best describes peristalsis?
a. the partly digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine.
b. the mechanical breakdown of food entering the stomach.
c. muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
d. chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes.
answer
c. muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
question
Describe the mechanical and chemical digestion of a starch or carbohydrate.
answer
Starch begins to the breakdown in the mouth. Chewing breaks the molecules into smaller pieces. --Mechanical
Amylase also speeds up process of starches breaking down into smaller molecules. Muscle contractions in the stomach breaking down food particles into chyme. Then, in the small intestines, more enzymes released by the pancreas break down the starches into simple sugars.--Chemical
question
Which of the following actions is controlled by voluntary nerve signals?
a. walking
b. digestion
c. heart beating
d. breathing
answer
a. walking
question
Which of the following best describes the function of a nerve synapse?
a. it carries a nerve impulse away from the nerve body.
b. it is responsible for involuntary muscle movements.
c. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and muscles.
d. it contains a bundle of fibers that transmit electrical impulses.
answer
c. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and muscles.
question
Which of the following types of muscle cell are often voluntary?
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. cardiac
d. nervous
answer
a. skeletal
question
Which of the following types of nerves send message to the brain?
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. sensory
d. motor
answer
c. sensory
question
A person put their hand on something hot but quickly removes it. Describe the pathway of the signal and response through the neuromuscular system.
answer
Sensory nerves send a message to the central nervous system from the hand. Then, motor nerves send a signal to the muscles of the arm to contract.
question
Which of the following organs produce female gametes?
a. ovary
b. testes
c. prostate
d. uterus
answer
a. ovary
question
Which is the location where fertilization typically takes place?
a. vagina
b. penis
c. vas deferens
d. fallopian tubes
answer
d. fallopian tubes
question
Which of the following best describes one function of estrogen?
a. production of sperm cells
b. maturation of eggs
c. release of egg
d. fertilization
answer
b. maturation of eggs
question
Which of the following results from the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males?
a. bone growth
b. facial hair growth
c. testosterone production
d. sperm production
answer
c. testosterone production
question
Describe how the production of male and female gametes differs.
answer
Male gametes, or sperm, are produced by the testes, whereas female gametes, or eggs, are produced by the ovaries. Sperm are constantly produced, but eggs are developed and matured cyclically. Eggs are typically released one at a time, but many sperm can be released at once during ejaculation.
question
Which of the following is the layer of skin that forms a protective, waterproof barrier?
a. dermis
b. sudoriferous
c. sebaceous
d. epidermis
answer
d. epidermis
question
Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes?
a. secretion of substances like minerals and alcohol
b. production of melanin
c. absorption of vitamin D
d. sensing the environment
answer
b. production of melanin
question
Which of the following layers of the skin contains hair follicles?
a. dermis
b. sudorferous
c. sebaceous
d. epidermis
answer
a. dermis
question
Which of the following layers of the skin contains a layer of dead cells?
a. dermis
b. hypodermis
c. sudoriferous
d. epidermis
answer
d. epidermis
question
Describe how the integumentary system reacts to a rise in body temperature.
answer
If the body gets too hot: the integumentary system uses thermoregulation strategies to cool it off. Sweat is produced by the sebaceous glands. As the water in sweat evaporates, the skin is cooled. Blood vessels also dilate and move closer to the skin surface to try and cool off.
question
Which of the following best describes the kind of message sent in the endocrine system?
a. electrical signals between axons
b. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream
c. physical sensory signals received through the integumentary system
d. audiovisual signals processed through the brain
answer
b. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream
question
Which of the following structures secretes releasing hormones?
a. hypothalamus
b. pituitary
c. pancreas
d. liver
answer
a. hypothalamus
question
Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland?
a. releasing growth hormone
b. releasing melatonin
c. releasing insulin and glucagon
d. releasing luteinizing hormone
answer
b. releasing melatonin
question
Which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress?
a. hypothalamus
b. adrenal glands
c. pancreas
d. pituitary gland
answer
b. adrenal glands
question
Explain what happens to the levels of blood glucose and hormones after eating?
answer
After eating food, blood glucose levels rise. The pancreas responds by releasing insulin, which promotes glucose being taken up by cells. This leads to a decrease in blood glucose level because glucose leaves the bloodstream and enters the cell.
question
Which of the following parts of the male genitourinary system also transports sperm?
a. ureter
b. urethra
c. uterus
d. urinary bladder
answer
b. urethra
question
Which of the following waste products from digestion does the kidney remove?
a. nitrogen
b. sodium chloride
c. protein
d. carbon
answer
a. nitrogen
Nitrogen in the form of urea in the urine results from the metabolism of proteins.
question
Which of the following best describes the outcome if the kidneys stopped functioning?
a. blood would increase its carbon dioxide concentration
b. blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis.
c. the kidneys would fill with urine
d. the frequency in which a human excretes urine would increase.
answer
b. blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis
Without kidneys function properly, the human body would not be able to filter out waste in the blood.
question
Which of the following structures is the functional unit of the kidney?
a. renal capillaries
b. glomerulus
c. nephron
d. cortex
answer
c. nephron
The nephron is the microscopic tubule system that filters and reabsorbs.
question
Explain the purpose of blood pressure in the kidney.
answer
Renin is a hormone that is released by the kidneys and helps to regulate blood pressure.
question
Which of the following helps to prevent pathogens from invading the body?
a. histamines
b. mucus
c. T cells
d. macrophages
answer
b. mucus
Mucus can trap pathogens entering an opening in the body such as in the nasal cavity.
question
A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next?
a. cytotoxic T cells form
b. histamines are released
c. antigens are released
d. helper T cells are activated
answer
b. histamines are released
Histamines are released to stimulate blood flow to the area of the cut, allowing white blood cells infiltrate the area.
question
Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies?
a. T cells
b. plasma cells
c. memory cells
d. macrophages
answer
b. plasma cells
question
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine?
a. to produce extra inflammatory responses such as the release of histamines.
b. to practice passive immunity
c. to produce antibodies in case of future infection
d. to increase macrophage production.
answer
c. to produce antibodies in case of future infection
Vaccinations allow the body to recognize and produce antibodies to use in the case of future infection by that pathogen.
question
Describes what occurs in the immune system when its encounters an allergen.
answer
Allergies are caused by a substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response even when there is not an invading pathogen. The substance causing the allergy triggers histamine to be released, which can cause sneezing and mucus secretion.
question
Which of the following breaks down bone material?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. canaliculi
d. osteocytes
answer
a. osteoclasts
question
Which of the following is considered a short bone?
a. skull bone
b. radius and ulna
c. carpals and tarsals
d. humerus and scapula
answer
c. carpals and tarsals
question
Which of the following best describes the purpose of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system?
a. it forms the matrix of a bone
b. it develops into osteocytes
c. it strengthens the entire skeletal system
d. it reduces friction
answer
d. it reduces friction
The covering at the end of long bones where joints form needs hyaline cartilage to reduce the friction of movement.
question
Which of the following best explains the cause of osteoporosis?
a. pathogens eat away at bone tissue.
b. ligaments degrade, causing joints to malfunction
c. osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.
d. osteoclasts break down bone slower than osteoblasts build them up.
answer
c. osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.
More bone is being broken down that is being built up, causing bones to weaken and become brittle. Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.
question
Describe how the skeletal and muscular system work together?
answer
The bones of the skeleton connect tot he skeletal muscles with a connective tissue known as a "tendon." When the muscle contracts, it shortens, pulling the bone it is connected to.
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