Physiology Ch 7 Endocrine System

24 July 2022
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question
Which of the following is NOT a method of hormone action? ANSWER: -control of enzymatic reaction rates -control of electrical signaling pathways -control of gene expression and protein synthesis -control of ion or molecule transport across cell membranes
answer
control of electrical signaling pathways
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When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, ANSWER: -the cell membrane becomes less permeable. -the cell becomes inactive. -the hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA. -a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. -None of the answers are correct.
answer
a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
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The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually ANSWER: cAMP. a G protein. adenylyl cyclase. calcium. cGMP.
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a G protein.
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When adenylyl cyclase is activated, ANSWER: -steroids are produced. -calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. -cAMP is broken down. -cAMP is formed. -protein kinases are metabolized.
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cAMP is formed.
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Typically, when steroid hormones bind to their receptors, ANSWER: protein kinases are activated. gene transcription may increase or decrease. cyclic nucleotides are formed. G proteins are inhibited. adenylyl cyclase is activated.
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gene transcription may increase or decrease.
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Steroid hormones are synthesized in the ________ of the cell. ANSWER: rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleus Golgi apparatus mitochondria
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Each of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is true except one. Identify the exception. ANSWER: -Peptide hormones in the bloodstream are always bound to carrier proteins. -Prohormones can be activated before their release via post-translational modification. -Peptide hormones remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. -Peptide hormones interact with receptors on the surface of their target cells. -Peptide hormones are first synthesized as prohormones.
answer
Peptide hormones in the bloodstream are always bound to carrier proteins.
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Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except one. Identify the exception. ANSWER: norepinephrine melatonin epinephrine thyroid-stimulating hormone thyroid hormone
answer
thyroid-stimulating hormone
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The majority of hormones in the body are ANSWER: -amino acid-derived hormones. -neurohormones. -peptide hormones. -steroid hormones. -All of the hormones are present in equal amounts in the body.
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peptide hormones.
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The ________ of a hormone is an indicator of how long a hormone is active in the body. ANSWER: half-life mechanism of action secretion location lifespan
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half-life
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The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney. ANSWER: thyroid thymus pancreas adrenal
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adrenal
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The outer layer of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal ANSWER: capsule. shell. cortex. medulla.
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cortex.
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The inner portion of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal ANSWER: cortex. core. nucleus. medulla.
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medulla.
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The most complex endocrine responses involve the ANSWER: adrenal glands. thymus. thyroid gland. hypothalamus. pancreas.
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hypothalamus.
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The posterior pituitary gland secretes ANSWER: FSH. ADH (Vasopressin). MSH. TSH. ACTH.
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ADH (Vasopressin).
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The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is ANSWER: TSH. STH. LH. ACTH. FSH.
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ACTH.
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The pituitary hormone that controls hormone synthesis and release from the thyroid gland is ANSWER: STH. TSH. FSH. ACTH. LH.
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TSH.
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The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is ANSWER: ACTH. prolactin. growth hormone. TSH. FSH.
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prolactin.q
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The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and metabolism in many tissues is ANSWER: somatotropin. ACTH. MSH. prolactin. insulin.
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somatotropin.
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Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface
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A. peptide hormone
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Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary site of vasopressin synthesis
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E. hypothalamus
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Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary true endocrine gland of epithelial origin
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D. anterior pituitary
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Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary cannot be stored in secretory vesicles
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B. steroid hormone
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Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary derivatives of tyrosine
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C. amino acid-derived hormone
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Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary storage and release site for oxytocin
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F. posterior pituitary
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Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine adrenal medulla
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F. epinephrine
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Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine pancreas
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B. insulin
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Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine thyroid
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E. calcitonin
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Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine anterior pituitary
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A. prolactin
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Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine adrenal cortex
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C. aldosterone
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Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine pineal
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D. melatonin
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A circulatory route that has two sets of capillaries in series is known as a ANSWER: tropic system. portal system. negative feedback loop. positive feedback loop.
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portal system.
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The posterior pituitary gland is also known as the ANSWER: adenohypophysis. portal gland. neurohypophysis. tropic gland.
answer
neurohypophysis.