Physio Ch. 19

What regulates the rate of water loss?

A student in your physiology lab is thirsty and decides to sneak a drink of deionized or distilled water. The student drinks a fairly large quantity of this water in a short period of time. What will happen to the student's cells?

Kidneys compensate for changes in plasma volume and osmolarity by adjusting the rate of water

What solute maintains the medullary interstitial fluid osmotic gradient?

From where is ADH released?

Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors on ________ cells in the collecting ducts and distal tubules where it________.

At high concentrations of antidiuretic hormone, the extent of water reabsorption in the collecting ducts is________, causing urine output to ________.

Aldosterone is released from the ________ in response to ________.

Renin is released by ________ cells of the ________.

What enzyme converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?

What enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II?

Angiotensin II acts directly in the hypothalamus to stimulate what?

Which of the following conditions triggers the release of renin? A) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) B) high blood pressure C) increased sympathetic stimulation D) atrial stretching due to increased plasma volume E) low blood pressure

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by what organ?

Potassium secretion is regulated by

Which type of cell carries out bone resorption? A) osteons B) ossicles C) osteoblasts D) osteocytes E) osteoclasts

What hormone decreases plasma calcium levels?

How does severe diarrhea cause a metabolic acidosis?

How might a high-protein diet cause metabolic acidosis?

The most important buffer system in the extracellular fluid is

If hydrogen ions are taken out of a solution, the pH will

What hormone increases water reabsorption by inserting aquaporin-2 proteins into the apical membrane of principal cells?

What hormone stimulates the release of aldosterone?

Release of what hormone is stimulated by high levels of potassium?

ADH increases the insertion of aquaporin-2 where?

Consumption of salty foods without drinking water will increase plasma osmolarity and cause cells to shrink.

If glomerular filtration decreases, water excretion tends to decrease as well.

As the body becomes dehydrated, the osmolarity of the body fluids decreases.

Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates sodium reabsorption?

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the filtrate will always be ________.

If nothing else is removed from the filtrate once it reaches the late distal tubules, the urine excreted would have which of the following properties?

In the early portion of the collecting duct (in cortical interstitial fluid), an increase in water permeability will result in a(n) ________.

There is no secretion of water within the renal tubules

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of angiotensin II? A) Angiotensin II stimulates vasoconstriction. B) Angiotensin II stimulates ADH secretion. C) Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by cells of the atria of the heart. D) Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.