Physical Science Review Chapter 5,12,&13

Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby?

Does it make sense to say that a textbook is about 99.9 percent empty space?

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another?

Which of the following statements best describes an element?

What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule?

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

Which has more atoms: a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 or a 1-gram sample of carbon-13?

The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have?

The mass number of an element is

Which of the following statements describes an isotope?

Which subatomic particle is located outside of the nucleus?

What happens to the properties of elements across any periodic table?

Which atom is the smallest?

Which of the following describes a nonmetal?

IF an atom were the size of a baseball, its nucleus would be about the size of a(n)

Which of the following statements is false?

How would you describe light generated by heating pure elements if it was observed through a prism or spectroscope?

Which of the following is said to be quantized?

Which of the following could NOT be represented by a conceptual model?

What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra?

Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light?

How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?

Which of the following is a property of light?

In some instances electromagnetic radiation behaves like a wave. In other instances electromagnetic radiation behaves more like a particle. Which behavior more accurately describes the true nature of electromagnetic radiation?

The shell model presented in this book is not very accurate. Why then is it presented?

What do the electron configurations for all the group 18 noble gases have in common?

How is it possible to deduce the identity of an element from its electron configuration?

In a vacuum, a marshmallow becomes

The product of gas pressure and volume for a given mass of gas is constant

When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density

When gas in a container expands to twice its volume at constant temperature, the gas pressure

Atmospheric pressure is caused by the

An important underlying feature of hydraulic devices is the conservation of

A hydraulic device has two pistons, one with a small cross-section area and another piston with a larger cross-section area. If a given force is applied to the small piston, the output force on the larger-area piston will be

In a vacuum, an object has no

Suppose you stand on a weighing scale and all of a sudden the atmosphere vanishes. The reading on the scale would

As water in a confined pipe speeds up, the pressure it exerts against the inner walls of the pipe

An umbrella tends to jerk upward on a windy day principally because

Radioactivity is a tendency for an element or a material to ________.

Which of the following statements about radiation is true?

Which of the following sources of radiation provides most of our yearly exposure?

You are given three radioactive samples (?, ?, and ?) and can only dispose of one. The other two you must keep, one in your hand, the other in your pocket. How would you minimize your exposure risk?

Is it at all possible for a hydrogen nucleus to emit an alpha particle?

People who work around radioactivity wear film badges to monitor the amount of radiation that reaches their bodies. These badges consist of small pieces of photographic film enclosed in a light-proof wrapper. What kind of radiation do these devices monitor?

Coal contains only minute quantities of radioactive materials, yet there is more environmental radiation surrounding a coal-fired power plant than a fission power plant. This indicates that

Which of the following statements best describes why a large nucleus is more likely to undergo radioactive decay?

Which of the following statements best describes the strong nuclear force?

Why is the combination of two protons and two neutrons stable, but two protons and one neutron is not?

Why are smaller nuclei such as carbon-14 often radioactive? (carbon-12 is the most common and most stable form of carbon.)

A pair of protons in an atomic nucleus repel each other, but they are also attracted to each other. Why?

If an atom has 104 electrons, 157 neutrons, and 104 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass?

In bombarding atomic nuclei with proton "bullets," the protons must be accelerated to high energies to make contact with the target nuclei

What evidence supports the contention that the strong nuclear force is stronger than the electrical interaction at short inter-nuclear distances?

What is a half-life?

If a material has a half-life of 24 hours, how long do you have to wait until the amount of radioisotope is 1/4 its original amount?

Which sample would remain radioactive the longest?

If carbon-14 is a beta emitter, what is the likely product of radioactive decay?

Which type of radiation�alpha, beta, or gamma�results in the greatest change in atomic mass number?

When Po (atomic number = 84; atomic mass = 218) emits a beta particle, it transforms into a new element. What are the atomic number and atomic mass of this new element?

How many alpha particles are emitted in the series of radioactive decay events from a U-238 nucleus to a Pb-206 nucleus?

How can a half-life be used to tell the age of a sample?

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. A sample is found to have one-eighth the original amount of carbon-14 in it. How old is the sample?

Why is the carbon-14 dating not accurate for estimating the age of materials more than 50,000 years old?

Which of the following statements about chain reactions is true?

Which of the following statements best describes a critical mass?

Which of the following is a major advantage of nuclear-fission-based power plants?

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of nuclear-fission-based power plants?

Why will nuclear fission probably not be used directly for powering automobiles?

A neutron makes a better nuclear bullet than a proton or an electron because it

What does Einstein's energy equation (E = m(c*c)) say about the energy that is derived from nuclear fission reactions?

Which of the following elements is the most stable from a nuclear point of view?

Where does the earth receive most of its energy?

What are some of the optimistic worldwide changes that may follow the advent of successful fusion reactors?