Chapter 6 Geography

25 July 2022
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question
The state of water that is the most important yet least obvious in the atmosphere is ________. a) water vapor b) ice crystals c) rain d) evaporation e) hail
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a) water vapor
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Water is unique because no other substance occurs in ________. a) liquid form b) gaseous form c) solid form d) in the atmosphere e) all three states of matter
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e) all three states of matter
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The hydrologic cycle refers to the ________. a) totality of forms of precipitation b) latent heat of vaporization c) flow of rivers d) unending circulation of Earth's water supply e) groundwater flow to the surface
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d) unending circulation of Earth's water supply
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Precipitation and evaporation are part of the hydrologic cycle. True False
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True
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Water vapor can be described by all but one of the following. a) odorless b) tasteless c) a small fraction of the atmosphere's volume d) light blue color e) energy-rich
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d) light blue color
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The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is a lesser lapse rate than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. This is because ________. a) rain is occurring b) unsaturated air is descending c) the air must be stable d) latent heat is being released e) "wet" air doesn't rise
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d) latent heat is being released
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Why are hair dryers effective? Hints a)The dry air from the hair dryer causes the release of sensible heat from wet hairs into the air. b)The moving air blows the water droplets into the atmosphere. c)The fast-moving air creates a vacuum that pulls the droplets off, thus lowering the dew point temperature. d)Warm air holds less moisture, so the hair loses it and dries. e)The warm air enables water to break hydrogen bonds to become vapor.
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e) warm air enables water to break hydrogen bonds to become vapor.
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Liquid converts to gas when ________. a) molecules break loose from the liquid b) it is good and ready c) a crystalline structure is created d) the liquid heats to freezing e) cooling reaches the dewpoint
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a) molecules break loose from the liquid
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Evaporation ________. a) is a cooling process b) is a process not requiring energy c) has its greatest rates when the air is already humid d) is a heating process e) releases latent heat in the air
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a) is a cooling process
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Which of the following promotes evaporation? a) warm water b) cold air c) rising air d) already-humid air e) slow-moving air
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a) warm water
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Which of the following would SLOW evaporation from a water surface? a) turbulence of air molecules b) warm water temperatures c) high air temperatures d) air with low relative humidity e) calm air
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e) calm air
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The transfer of moisture from land to air is termed ________. a) evapotranspiration b) evaporative cooling c) specific humidity d) condensation e) dew point
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a ) evapotranspiration
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The total amount of water vapor leaving the Earth's surface is called ________. a) runoff b) evapotranspiration c) transpiration d) latent heat e) evaporation
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b) evapotranspiration
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________ refers to water vapor leaving the Earth's surface through plants. a) Transpiration b) Potential evapotranspiration c) Evaporation d) All of the above e) None of the above
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a) Transpiration
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Water vapor is visible to the human eye. True False
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False
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Moving air helps increase evaporation. True False
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True
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Which of the following relationships is correct? Hints a) Relative humidity increases: an increase in temperature without a change in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. b) Relative humidity increases: an increase in temperature and a decrease in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. c) Relative humidity decreases: a decrease in temperature and an increase in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. d) Relative humidity increases: a decrease in temperature without a change in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. e) Relative humidity decreases: a decrease in temperature without a change in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
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d) Relative humidity increases: a decrease in temperature without a change in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
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Air containing all of the water vapor it can hold is ________. a) dew point b) adiabatic c) convective d) unstable e) saturated
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e) saturated
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The capacity of air to hold water ________. a) increases as temperature increases b) is not related to temperature c) increases as temperature decreases d) decreases as evaporation decreases e) is a constant
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a) increases as temperature increases
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Usually, the highest relative humidity is ________. a) at midnight b) at sunset c) in the late afternoon d) at dawn e) in the evening
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d) at dawn
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Relative humidity is ________ related to air temperature. a) inversely b) sometimes c) not d) unevenly e) positively
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a) inversely
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Relative humidity is "relative" to ________. a) vapor pressure b) saturation c) temperature d) moisture e) evaporation
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b) saturation
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________ is the critical temperature at which saturation is reached. a) Absolute humidity b) Relative humidity c) Specific humidity d) The flash point e) The dew point
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e) The dew point
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How warm or cold it feels to us is the ________ temperature. a) common b) dewpoint c) latent d) sensible e) adiabatic
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d) sensible
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If air's capacity for holding water vapor is diminished, then the relative humidity will ________. a) double b) fall c) be unchanged d) rise e) none of the above
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d) rise
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Relative humidity is a measure of how close air is to saturation. True False
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True
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What two conditions are necessary for condensation to occur? Hints a) The air must sink adiabatically, and temperature must be below freezing. b) The temperature must be above the dew point, and the relative humidity must be low. c) The air must be cooled to saturation, and condensation nuclei must be available. d) The air must sink adiabatically in the absence of condensation nuclei. e) The air must be warmed to the dew point temperature, and it must be supersaturated.
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d) The air must sink adiabatically in the absence of condensation nuclei.
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In the atmosphere, liquid water collects around minute particles called ________. a) condensation nuclei b) cloud droplets c) ice crystals d) raindrops e) fog
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a) condensation nuclei
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In order for atmospheric condensation to take place, ________. a) the relative humidity must be low b) plenty of "surfaces" need to be present in the atmosphere c) the temperature must be above freezing d) air has to be near sea level e) air must be very cold
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b) plenty of "surfaces" need to be present in the atmosphere
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Most of the Earth's cloudiness results directly from ________. a) sublimation b) evaporation c) adiabatic cooling d) air pollution e) evertical temperature gradient
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c) adiabatic cooling
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What is the cloud form classification associated with a thunderstorm? Hints a) Cirriform b) Nimbus c) Stratiform d) High clouds e) Cumuliform
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e) Cumuliform
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Clouds form if air is ________. a) below freezing b) cooled to the dew point c) stable d) unstable e) windy
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b) cooled to the dew point
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Among cloud types, those that occur at the highest altitudes are the ________. a) stratocumulus b) altocumulus c) cirrus d) cumulus e) stratus
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c) cirrus
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Clouds of vertical development include the type called ________. a) cirrus b) altocumulus c) stratocumulus d) fog e) cumulonimbus
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e) cumulonimbus
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White frost is simply a cold weather form of ________. a) dew b) hail c) radiation fog d) a cloud e) advection fog
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a) dew
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Most clouds do not produce precipitation. True False
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True
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Precipitation is mostly associated with the cirrus type cloud. True False
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False
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Precipitation comes from clouds that have the root "nimb" in their names. True False
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True
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A stratiform cloud would be a type that is spread over the entire sky. True False
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True
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Fog is a cloud which has a base at or near ground level. True False
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True
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Any buoyant parcel of air is said to exhibit ________. a) stability b) instability c) advection d) the dry adiabatic lapse rate e) the moist adiabatic lapse rate
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b) instability
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When air is heated enough so that it is warmer than the surrounding air, it is ________. a) convective b) unstable c) stable e) saturated d) none of the above
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b) unstable
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If an air parcel is warmer than the air surrounding it, it will tend to rise. True False
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True
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A cold winter night is typically a stable air situation. True False
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True
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The stability of rising air is determined by its temperature relationship to the surrounding air. True False
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True
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The lifting condensation level is the altitude at which rising air is cooled to the dew point. True False
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True
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With instability, rising air will be buoyant without an uplifting force. True False
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True
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What mechanism that produces precipitation accounts for the majority of precipitation beyond the tropics? Hints a) Collision/Coalescence b) Advection c) Supersaturation d) The Bergeron Process e) Orographic lifting
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d) The Bergeron Process
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The Bergeron process is also known as the ________ process. a) collision/coalescence b) ice crystal formation c) acid rain formation d) glaze e) hail
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b) ice crystal formation
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Most of the wettest areas around the world are located in the ________. a) Southern Hemisphere b) Tropics c) midlatitude west coasts d) continental interiors e) polar mountains
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b) Tropics
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Which of the following DOES NOT comprise common hygroscopic nuclei? a) hail stones b) bacteria c) dust d) sea salt e) pollen
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a) hail stones
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In terms of annual average precipitation, the rainiest region of the continental United States is the ________. a) northeast b) southeast c) southwest d) northwest e) Great Plains
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b) southeast
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By definition, which of the following freezes after it reaches the ground? a) snow b) rain c) hail d) glaze e) sleet
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d) glaze
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Collision/coalescence is the precipitation process most closely associated with the tropics. True False
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True
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The number of condensation nuclei in a raindrop is on the order of ________. a) 1,000,000 b) 1 c) 100,000 d) 1,000 e) 100
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a) 1,000,000
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Frontal precipitation is most characteristic of the middle latitudes. True False
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True
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Hail is associated with the absence of updrafts in large thunderstorms. True False
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False
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Large raindrops, large snowflakes, or hail indicate stability in the atmosphere. True False
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False
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When air is forced to rise over a mountain, what is the type of lifting? Hints a) Orographic b) Convective c) Convergent d) Bergeron e) Frontal
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a) Orographic
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Which is NOT among the main types of atmospheric lifting and precipitation? a) convergent b) frontal c) orographic d) advective e) convective
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d) advective
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Downwind of large mountain ranges there is less precipitation; this drier zone is called the ________. a) lifting condensation level b) windward side c) adiabatic area d) advection side e) rain shadow
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e) rain shadow
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A precipitation type extremely characteristic of the lower latitudes is ________. a) sleet b) ice crystals c) convergent lifting d) a rain shadow e) frontal lifting
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c) convergent lifting
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What accounts for the location of the Sahara Desert? Hints a) The high sun angle means little precipitation can fall. b) The Sahara results entirely from the rain shadow effect. c) High latitudes have limited precipitation. d) The air in the subtropical high is sinking. e) The weather is dominated by the ITCZ.
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d) The air in the subtropical high is sinking.
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The western coasts of continents in the subtropical zones are in ________ precipitation zones. a)moderate b) monsoon c) high d) arid e) snowy
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d) arid
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Which of the following would one expect to find associated with low annual precipitation totals? a) convection b) convergence c) subtropical highs d) mountain ranges e) fronts
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c) subtropical highs
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Most regions of the globe receive a ________ maximum of rainfall. a) January b) summer c) winter d) equinoctial e) none of the above
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b) summer
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Monsoon rainstorms are associated with some of the heaviest yearly precipitation totals on Earth. True False
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True
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Coastal regions usually receive more precipitation than interior zones. True False
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True
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It is proper to refer to the high latitude lands of the Arctic and Antarctic as "cold deserts." True False
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True
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The intertropical convergence migrates north and south of the equator on a seasonal basis. True False
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True
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Along the western coasts of continents between 35ยฐ and 60ยฐ of latitude the heaviest precipitation occurs during the winter. True False
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True
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Which impact makes acid rain a significant political problem? a) Acid rain kills vegetation. b) Acid rain decreases visibility and corrodes metals. c) Acid rain kills aquatic organisms. d) Acid rain damages buildings and historical artifacts. e) Acid rain pollutes areas far from its source.
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e) Acid rain pollutes areas far from its source.
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Which part of the United States has the worst acid rain problem? a) the Rocky Mountains b) the southwestern United States c) the Great Plains d) the northeastern United States e) the northwestern United States
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d) the northeastern United States