Penny Press

-newspapers sold individually for only a penny a piece -before, they were sold by subscription and were not affordable to most people -advertising became an important part of newspapers -expanded news interesting to ALL readers -made reporters necessary to gather the news and bring back to the newspaper to write it up -Staff: editors, ad salesmen, accountants

-published by Benjamin Day in Sept 1833 -the first penny newspaper -included mixed editorial voices, the invlusion of local news items, and tall tales

- Founded by James Gordon Bennett - Published local, everyday news -Sensationalized crime news -Bigger staff and sensationalized news (exaggerating, hyping) -Emphasized getting news fast -Recognized first to get news was first to sell news -Took what Day was doing and took it to a high level

-Put the Herald on a pay as you go basis, requiring subscribers to pay for their newspapers in advance and ending the long-standing compaints of editors about their theiving readers -Added money to the newspapers cash box by crating the "personals" column and req advertisers to change their ads every day -Most important contribution: his definition of the concept of news - in colonial days, editors and printers treated news as if it were history; newspapers came out only once a week and some were very slow about getting info into print -Bennett wanted the herald to publish the reports promptly and in 1841 hired Robert Sutton to set up a corps of Washington correspondents -Efforts to strength foreign news -The Herald also pioneered in areas such as sports, business news, and coverage of women

-New York Tribune -happy medium between the extremes of partisanship -known for intellectual appeal -widely read across the country -talented staff, including women -influential on national issues

-widely read writer before hired by Greeley -Women's rights advocate -Leader of transcendental movement -Literary critic then foreign correspondent for the Tribune

-Invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 -Opened modern era of communications -embraced by newspapers -made news more timely -before this time, the time it took newspaper to travel from one point to another was delayed by geography and distance -the telegrpah transmitted over wire eliminiated that; info could be sent instantaneously; changed the way information was spread

-First cooperative news organization -newspapers gathered, shared news -made possible by telegraph