Patho Final- Ch. 19

25 July 2022
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question
Which statement about the testes is TRUE? a. Each testis contains the ductus deferens. b. The testes are suspended by the spermatic cord. c. Each testis has its own scrotal sac and seminal vesicle. d. The testes must be kept at a temperature slightly above body temperature.
answer
B. The testes are suspended by the spermatic cord
question
Which statement about spermatogenesis is TRUE? a. The complete process takes about 28 days. b. Maturation of sperm takes place in the seminal vesicles. c. It is controlled by FSH and testosterone. d. The process is initiated after each ejaculation.
answer
C. It is controlled by FSH and testosterone
question
Which of the following may result from cryptorchidism? a. infertility b. testicular cancer c. both a and b d. neither a nor b
answer
C. both a and b
question
Which term refers to excessive fluid collecting between the layers of the tunica vaginalis? a. varicocele b. hypospadias c. spermatocele d. hydrocele
answer
D. hydrocele
question
Which of the following are common early significant signs of acute prostatitis? a. a hard nodule in the gland and pelvic pain b. soft, tender, enlarged gland and dysuria c. hesitancy and increased urinary output d. mild fever, vomiting, and leucopenia
answer
B. soft, tender, enlarged gland and dysuria
question
Which of the following applies to benign prostatic hypertrophy? a. the tumor usually becomes malignant in time b. the gland becomes small, nodular, and firm c. manifestations include hesitancy, dribbling, and frequency d. lower abdominal or pelvic pain develops
answer
C. manifestations include hesitancy, dribbling and frequency
question
Why does frequency occur with benign prostatic hypertrophy? a. increased volume of dilute urine b. irritation of the bladder and urethra c. impaired micturition reflex d. incomplete emptying of the bladder
answer
D. incomplete emptying of the bladder
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Which of the following is the common first site for metastasis from prostatic cancer? a. bone b. lungs c. liver d. testes
answer
A. bone
question
What is a useful serum marker during treatment for prostatic cancer? a. human chorionic gonadotropin b. alpha-fetoprotein c. prostate-specific antigen d. luteinizing hormone
answer
C. prostate-specific antigen
question
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leukorrhea during the reproductive years? a. it is clear or whitish b. it has a pH of 4 to 5 c. it does not contain any cells d. it contains mucus
answer
C. it does not contain any cells
question
Which of the following applies to the corpus luteum? a. It forms a mature ovarian follicle. b. It secretes hCG. c. It secretes estrogen and progesterone during the last half of the menstrual cycle. d. It produces gonadotropins for the next cycle.
answer
C. It secretes estrogen and progesterone during the last half of the menstrual cycle.
question
Why does severe pain occur with each menstrual cycle in endometriosis? a. obstruction in the fallopian tubes b. inflammation around ectopic endometrial tissue c. hormonal imbalance causing uterine contractions d. fibrous tissue responding to hormonal changes
answer
B. inflammation around ectopic endometrial tissue
question
With pelvic inflammatory disease, why does infection spread easily into the peritoneal cavity? a. The fallopian tubes are obstructed, and purulent exudate cannot drain into the uterus. b. The uterus is perforated because of infection, allowing bacteria to leak out. c. Most of the primary infections do not respond to antimicrobial drugs. d. Microbes are highly virulent.
answer
A. The fallopian tubes are obstructed, and purulent exudate cannot drain into the uterus
question
Which of the following is a common complication of leiomyomas? a. development of malignancy b. irregular menstrual cycles c. interference with ovulation d. abnormal bleeding such as menorrhagia
answer
D. abnormal bleeding such as menorrhagia
question
Which of the following refers to fibrocystic breast disease? a. progressive development of fluid-filled cysts and fibrous tissue b. proliferation of atypical cells with high risk of malignancy c. benign tumors that develop after menopause d. any tissue changes other than the normal response to hormonal changes
answer
A. progressive development of fluid-filled cysts and fibrous tissue
question
Which of the following applies to carcinoma of the breast? a. It presents as a tender, painful, firm nodule. b. Tumor cells may demonstrate estrogen receptors on the membrane. c. Occasionally, a genetic factor may have a small role in tumor development. d. The tumor is invasive but does not metastasize until very late.
answer
B. Tumor cells may demonstrate estrogen receptors on the membrane
question
Which is considered to be the stage of carcinoma in situ in cervical cancer? a. the invasive stage b. the stage of mild dysplasia c. the time before it can be detected by a Pap test d. noninvasive severe dysplasia
answer
D. noninvasive severe dysplasia
question
What is a major predisposing factor to cervical cancer? a. high estrogen levels b. familial incidence c. infection with HPV d. early age for onset of menstrual cycles
answer
C. infection with HPV
question
What is a significant early sign of endometrial carcinoma? a. a positive Pap test b. minor vaginal bleeding or spotting c. infection resistant to treatment d. painful intercourse
answer
B. minor vaginal bleeding or spotting
question
Which is/are sexually transmitted infection(s) usually considered asymptomatic in women? a. chlamydia b. gonorrhea c. syphilis d. all of the above
answer
D. all of the above
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Which of the following frequently causes PID and subsequent infertility? a. chlamydia b. genital warts c. trichomoniasis d. herpes simplex
answer
A. chlamydia
question
Which of the following causes inflammation of the vagina with a copious yellow discharge and foul odor? a. candidiasis b. trichomoniasis c. syphilis d. gonorrhea
answer
B. trichomoniasis
question
What is the cause of syphilis? a. a gram-negative diplococcus b. an anaerobic protozoa c. a virus d. an anaerobic spirochete
answer
D. an anaerobic spirochete
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Which of the following infections may be transmitted from the mother to the fetus during delivery? a. gonorrhea b. chlamydia c. herpes simplex d. syphilis e. all of the above
answer
e. all of the above
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Which of the following STDs is considered to be a systemic infection? a. gonorrhea b. chlamydia c. syphilis d. condylomata acuminate
answer
C. syphilis
question
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute bacterial prostatitis? a. N. gonorrhoeae b. Pseudomonas c. S. aureus d. E. coli
answer
D. E. coli
question
Benign prostatic hypertrophy usually progresses to prostatic cancer. a. true b. false
answer
B. false
question
A hard nodule in the peripheral area of the prostate gland is typical of: a. a malignant tumor b. benign prostatic hypertrophy c. acute prostatitis d. chronic prostatitis
answer
A. a malignant tumor
question
How do testicular tumors usually present? a. soft, tender mass b. multiple firm nodules c. hard, painless unilateral mass d. small, fluid-filled cyst
answer
C. hard, painless unilateral mass
question
Which term refers to bleeding between menstrual periods? a. amenorrhea b. dysmenorrhea c. oligomenorrhea d. metrorrhagia
answer
D. metrorrhagia
question
Which statement does NOT apply to vaginal candidiasis? a. It is classified as an STD. b. The cause is an opportunistic yeast. c. It causes dysuria and dyspareunia. d. The mucosa becomes red and pruritic.
answer
A. It is classified as an STD.
question
Testicular cancer usually spreads first to the: a. lungs b. bone c. pelvic lymph nodes d. brain
answer
C. pelvic lymph nodes
question
When the uterus is located in the vagina with the cervix at the opening to the vagina, this is called: a. first degree prolapse b. second degree prolapse c. third degree prolapse d. procidentia e. cystocele
answer
B. second degree prolapse
question
Painful menstruation is called: a. polymenorrhea b. premenstrual syndrome c. dysmenorrhea d. endometriosis e. dyspareunia
answer
C. dysmenorrhea
question
Vaginal candidiasis is frequently predisposed by: a. systemic antibacterial therapy b. insertion of an intrauterine device c. sexual intercourse with an infected partner d. previous viral infection
answer
A. systemic antibacterial therapy
question
A chancre is best described as: a. a vesicle surrounded by a red inflamed area b. a pustule filled with purulent exudate c. an area of necrosis and fibrosis d. a firm painless ulcerated nodule
answer
D. a firm painless ulcerated nodule
question
Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation may be used in cases of breast cancer in order to: a. slow the growth of the primary tumor b. destroy any micrometastases c. prevent the removal of any lymph nodes d. reduce the need for a mastectomy
answer
B. destroy any micrometastases
question
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis because: a. it does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation b. vague signs and hidden location lead to late diagnosis c. premenopausal women are not likely to notice changes d. hormone therapy is ineffective
answer
B. vague signs and hidden location lead to late diagnosis
question
Specific genetic links have been shown for: 1. cervical cancer 2. testicular cancer 3. breast cancer 4. prostatic cancer a. 1, 2 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 2, 3, 4
answer
D. 2, 3, 4
question
In which cancers has there been a recent significant increase in incidence? a. uterine cancer b. breast cancer c. ovarian cancer d. cervical cancer in situ
answer
D. cervical cancer in situ
question
Adenocarcinomas make up the most common cancers found in the: a. prostate b. testes c. ovary d. cervix
answer
A. prostate
question
Infertility in women may result from: a. endometriosis b. hormonal imbalances c. a and b d. neither a nor b
answer
C. a and b
question
Viable sperm may not be able to access an ovum when: a. cervical mucus is highly viscous b. vaginal pH is abnormal c. structural abnormalities are present d. b, c e. a, b, c
answer
E. a, b, c