Nutrition Exam 5: Chapters 9,13,14

Being overweight is defined as having a body mass index of: A: being overweight is not defined by a person's body mass index. B: greater than 30 kg/m2. C: 20 to 24.9 kg/m2. D: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2.

Which of the following individuals will face the greatest health risks due to obesity? A: Jose, who gained weight after he got married B: David, who gained 25 pounds after he turned 50 years old C: Jill, who has been obese since childhood D: Theresa, who gained weight after having her second baby

Joe is 6'2" tall and weighs 202 pounds. Which of the following statements is correct about Joe? A: Joe's BMI is 24 and he is considered normal. B: Joe's BMI is 26 and he is considered obese. C: Not enough information is provided. D: Joe's BMI is 26 and he is considered overweight.

Which of the following is a reason that the amount of extra subcutaneous fat would be higher than the amount of visceral fat? A: alcohol consumption B: stress C: being a woman D: increasing age

T/F Americans are more active today in their leisure time than they were in the prior decades/centuries.

Which of the following contribute to the energy imbalance that is prevalent in America? A: food availability B: distorted portion sizes C: All of these choices contribute to the energy imbalance in America. D: fast-food meals

All of the following lead to an increased basal metabolism EXCEPT: A: lactation in breast-feeding women. B: a low amount of lean body mass. C: caffeine consumption. D: growth and development.

Which of the following is NOT included when calculating your EER? A: height B: age C: hours of sleep D: weight

T/F The hormone ghrelin causes an increase in appetite.

All of the following are correct statements about the hormone leptin EXCEPT: A: obesity leads to high levels of leptin. B: it prevents weight loss. C: the larger the adipocytes, the more leptin is released. D: it is produced by stomach cells.

Which of the following is a NEAT activity that can influence body weight? A: sleeping B: housework C: swimming D: eating

All of the following are true about a person's weight EXCEPT: A: the genes you inherit play a larger role than environment in determining your body weight. B: if a parent is obese, their children are more likely to be obese. C: a single gene has been discovered that may contribute to obesity in humans. D: diet and exercise play a large factor in weight gain or loss.

Jim has a BMI of 26 kg/m2, a waist circumference of 38, and none of the health conditions associated with excess body fat. He exercises regularly and does not smoke. From what we know about Jim, what can we most likely infer? A: Jim does not need to lose weight. B: Jim needs to lose weight. C: Jim needs to gain weight. D: Jim is at risk for developing diabetes.

Losing weight too quickly may lead to: A: the loss of lean tissue only. B: the lowering of BMR only. C: All these choices are possible. D: the loss of water weight only.

Which is often characteristic of a fad diet? A: It is flexible. B: It promotes a weight loss of up to 2 lbs per week. C: It promotes a change in behavior. D: It requires the purchase of special foods.

All of the following are correct statements about weight loss medications EXCEPT: A: the drug Alli prevents the breakdown of triglycerides. B: the drug Ephedra, a fat burner, was banned by the FDA for safety reasons. C: the use of herbal laxatives can lead to electrolyte imbalances. D: they are strictly regulated by the FDA and therefore safe.

Which eating disorder is associated with a person having low self-esteem? A: binge-eating disorder B: anorexia nervosa C: low self-esteem may play a role in all of these eating disorders D: bulimia nervosa

Eating disorders typically occur: A: in all countries of the world. B: only in North America. C: in societies where food is abundant. D: only in women.

T/F As cultural icons have become thinner over the past several decades, the incidence of eating disorders has increased.

Hazards of the binge/purge cycle include all of the following EXCEPT: A: rapid fat loss. B: irritation of the esophagus. C: electrolyte imbalance. D: tooth decay.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR): A: is a small component of energy expenditure. B: includes the energy needed for kidney function and heartbeat. C: is the energy needed to maintain body weight. D: is measured after 2 hours without food or exercise. E: includes the energy needed for exercise.

Excess body fat increases the risk of: A: high blood cholesterol. B: high blood pressure. C: All of these risks are increased by excess body fat. D: certain cancers. E: diabetes.

In order to calculate a person's BMI, you need to know the person's: A: gender and body composition. B: age and activity level. C: lean body mass and waist circumference. D: height and weight. E: gender and weight.

Which of the following has NOT contributed to the high incidence of overweight and obesity in the United States today? A: Portion sizes of our food have increased. B: We had ready access to food 24 hours a day. C: The number of people who work at jobs requiring strenuous labor has decreased. D: Our genetics have changed. E: Americans use less energy in the activities of their daily lives than they used to.

Which group is least likely to develop an eating disorder? A: ballet dancers B: fashion models C: female gymnasts D: actresses E: middle-aged men

Which eating disorder is a characteristic of people who are overweight? A: anorexia B: bigorexia C: binge-eating disorder D: bulimia

EER A: decreases if you exercise more. B: increases in adults as they age. C: increases if you lose weight. D: is the amount of energy you expend daily. E: is the amount of energy needed to reduce body weight to a healthy level.

Which statement about leptin is TRUE? A: More leptin is released as adipocytes shrink. B: Leptin is better at defending against weight gain than against weight loss. C: Someone with a defective leptin gene will most likely be obese. D: High leptin levels stimulate food intake and reduce energy expenditure.

Long-term healthy weight loss is based on all of the following principles EXCEPT: A: making nutrient-dense choices. B: increasing physical activity. C: adopting lifelong changes in eating habits. D: eating specific combinations of foods that increase the number of calories burned. E: keeping portion sizes moderate.

T/F It is possible for someone who is 50 lb overweight to be in energy balance.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of anorexia nervosa? A: a preoccupation with food B: a normal body weight C: fear of gaining weight D: an abnormal menstrual cycle E: a distorted body image

T/F Everyone with a BMI in the overweight or obese range is at risk for weight-related health problems.

The recommended distribution range of fat intake is ____________ for 1- to 3-year-olds than for adults. A: higher B: dependent upon whether the child was breastfed or not C: lower D: the same

All of the following are correct about children's eating habits except: A: children are more likely to eat a new food if it is introduced at the end of a meal. B: children's food preferences are learned through repeated exposure. C: a slow eater should not be rushed while eating at the table. D: children are more likely to eat a new food if they see their parent eat it.

The rising rate of obesity in children is putting them at risk for which disease? A: low blood pressure B: type 1 diabetes C: reduced blood cholesterol D: type 2 diabetes

The adolescent growth spurt occurs mainly between ages _____________ in boys. A: 3 to 6 years B: 7 to 11 years C: 16 to 19 years D: 12 to 15 years

T/F Protein requirements per kilogram of body weight are greater for boys than girls.

Iron is needed to synthesize ______________ for the expansion of blood volume during the growing years. A: albumin B: collagen C: hemoglobin D: oxytocin

Candice is trying to eat healthier. Which substitution would be an example of a healthier decision? A: glazed doughnut rather than an English muffin with jam B: baked potato rather than French fries C: meatball sub rather than a turkey sub D: nachos with cheese sauce rather than nachos with bean dip

Which of the following can affect the nutritional status of an elderly person? A: visual disorders B: use of medications C: arthritis D: All of the choices are correct.

A sedentary 80-year-old woman would probably need ____________ energy and ____________ micronutrients than a younger adult woman. A: less; less B: less; the same amount of C: less; more D: more; the same amount of

T/F Generally, a person's life expectancy is longer than their healthy life expectancy.

Why would young people be at risk for a deficiency of both riboflavin and vitamin D? A: Because they tend not to eat enough vegetables. B: Because they may not get enough sun exposure. C: Because they may not drink enough milk. D: Because they may not get enough sun exposure and may not drink enough milk.

The Dietary Guidelines define moderate alcohol consumption as no more than _____ drink(s) per day for women and ____ drink(s) per day for men. A: 1; 1 B: 3; 3 C: 2; 3 D: 1; 2

All of the following are correct about alcohol except: A: it is mainly metabolized by the pancreas. B: peak blood alcohol concentrations are attained approximately one hour after ingestion. C: it can be absorbed directly from the stomach. D: it acts as a diuretic.

Long-term excessive alcohol consumption can lead to: A: a stroke. B: a higher risk of esophageal cancer. C: fatty liver disease. D: All of the choices are correct.

The primary mechanism by which alcohol lowers cardiovascular risk is by: A: raising LDL cholesterol. B: raising HDL cholesterol. C: increasing the rate at which stored fat is used for energy. D: raising basal metabolic rate.

Which of the following is not recommended for treating childhood obesity? A: skipping breakfast B: including 60 minutes or more of moderate-intensity exercise C: cutting back on sugary beverages D: eating more fruits and vegetables

Television affects the nutritional status of children by: A: exposing them to new snack foods. B: providing an environment that encourages snacking. C: reducing the time spent engaged in physical activity. D: All of the choices are correct.

______________ are likely to be deficient in an adolescent's diet. A: Protein and zinc B: Iodine and vitamin A C: Sodium and selenium D: Iron and calcium

Which of the following statements about energy requirements is true? A: Energy needs are lower in older adults than in younger adults. B: Total energy needs are higher in childhood than in any other time of life. C: Energy needs are the same for adolescent boys and girls. D: Energy needs per kilogram of body weight increase as children grow.

Which of the following statements about iron is false? A: Iron needs increase in adolescent females due to menstrual blood losses. B: The RDA for iron is higher in a 60-year-old woman than in a 20-year-old woman. C: Iron needs increase in adolescents due to increases in muscle mass. D: Iron deficiency is a risk in children, adolescents, and older adults.

Which of the following could contribute to low calcium status in children and teens? A: spending too little time outdoors B: replacing milk with soda C: being lactose intolerant D: eating a vegan diet E: All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements about alcohol is true? A: Moderate alcohol consumption lowers HDL cholesterol levels. B: Alcohol is absorbed faster on a full stomach than on an empty stomach. C: Alcohol consumption can contribute to malnutrition. D: Alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of cancer.

Life expectancy refers to: A: the average age to which people in a population live. B: how long an individual will live. C: how long an individual remains healthy. D: the longest any person can live.

Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is true? A: Vegan diets can easily supply enough vitamin B12 to meet needs. B: Absorption from food is reduced in individuals with atrophic gastritis. C: Older adults are not at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. D: It is recommended that older adults meet vitamin B12 needs with whole foods.

For which of the following is the recommended intake lower in older adults than in younger adults? A: calories B: calcium C: vitamin D D: protein

The DETERMINE checklist is used to: A: check for adverse reactions between food and prescription medications. B: assess the risk of malnutrition in older adults. C: decide whether an older adult needs assisted living. D: qualify recipients for federal food assistance programs.

____________ is a type of alcoholic liver disease that results in irreversible scarring. A: Alcohol poisoning B: Fatty liver C: Alcoholic hepatitis D: Cirrhosis

What is the major cause of food-borne illness in the United States today? A: pesticides B: microbes C: environmental toxins D: antibiotics

Which factor affects the likelihood that a contaminant will cause food-borne illness in an individual? A: dose of toxin B: body size C: age D: All of these are factors. E: immune system

Foods on the GRAS list: A: do not need to be listed in an ingredient list. B: are definitely safe. C: have been used for years without ill effect. D: are green.

Which of the following is not true of a HACCP system? A: It relies on visual food inspections. B: Designing and implementing a HACCP system is the responsibility of a food manufacturer. C: It identifies steps in food production where contamination can occur or be prevented. D: It monitors critical points in food production and takes corrective action if criteria are not met.

One of the most important concerns about the use of antibiotics in food animals is that: A: it promotes the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. B: it increases the fat content of the meat. C: it is unhealthy for the animals. D: large amounts of the drugs remain in the meat and milk.

Pathogenic bacteria are killed by: A: marinating. B: freezing. C: cooking. D: refrigeration

Which organism can cause food-borne intoxication and can be present in honey and home-canned foods? A: Clostridium botulinum B: Escherichia coli C: Clostridium perfringens D: Salmonella

Which of the following is most likely to be a concern in hamburger that is cooked to well done on a grill? A: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) B: Escherichia coli C: prions D: Girardia

Raw hamburger patties are taken to the grill on a platter. After being cooked, they are returned to the unwashed platter and served. This is an example of: A: cross-contamination. B: a HACCP system. C: food intoxication. D: efficient use of kitchen equipment.

Glass that enters food from a broken jar is: A: regulated as an indirect food additive. B: safe because the glass is sterile. C: not regulated. D: regulated as an accidental contaminant.

The potential benefits of biotechnology include all of the following except: A: reduced pesticide use. B: increased biodiversity. C: enhanced disease resistance. D: improved crop yields.

Food should be refrigerated below what temperature to reduce bacterial growth?

The cycle of malnutrition can be broken by: A: improving health care and nutrition for women during pregnancy. B: All of these would contribute to breaking the cycle. C: improving health care for children. D: increasing the availability of nutritious foods for adults.

Which of the following statements is true of stunting? A: It is an indicator of the health and well-being of populations of children. B: It is highest in well-nourished populations. C: It is an indicator of the health and well-being of adults. D: It is measured with body mass index.

Which of the following dietary changes is associated with nutrition transition? A: an increase in the fiber content of the diet B: a decrease in the fat and sugar content of the diet C: a decrease in the food consumption of animal products D: a consumption of a wider variety of foods

What proportion of the world's undernourished people live in the developing world? A: more than 9/10 B: 1/2 C: 1/3 D: less than 1/4

What is the largest federal program designed to make sure that all Americans have access to an adequate diet? A: School Breakfast Program B: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) C: National School Lunch Program D: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Deficiencies of __________________ are major world health problems. A: iron, biotin, and vitamin E B: iodine, iron, and chromium C: iodine, vitamin A, and iron D: vitamins A, K, and C

Crops that are grown to be sold rather than consumed are : A: sustainable crops. B: subsistence crops. C: renewable crops. D: cash crops.

Which product is not made from a renewable resource? A: wooden crates B: bread C: plastic bags D: paper towels

Fortifying _____________ will be most likely to eliminate a nutrient deficiency in a country's population? A: foods eaten seasonally B: locally grown foods C: expensive foods D: commonly eaten foods

Which of the following statements about breast-feeding is true? A: It is not recommended in poor countries. B: It is never recommended for women with HIV. C: It is important only for the first 6 months of life. D: It decreases risk of malnutrition in infants.

Which group in the U.S. population is at risk for undernutrition? A: All of these populations are at risk. B: women C: children D: homeless people