Nutrition Exam 3: Chapter 6

Which of the following food items provides the highest amount of protein? A: ½ cup rice (2-3 grams) B: 1 cup milk (8 grams) C: All these foods have the same amount of protein. D: 1 egg

Which of the following is found in plant foods and not animal foods? A: protein B: fiber C: zinc D: calcium

Which of the following is the unique part of an amino acid? A: the peptide bond B: the acid group C: the amino group D: the side chain

T/F Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts and therefore must be included in the diet.

All of the following are correct about protein structure except: A: the final protein molecule always consists of one folded polypeptide chain. B: the order of the amino acids determine how the polypeptide folds. C: the shape of a protein is essential to its function. D: polypeptide chains may contain hundreds of amino acids.

All of these treatments can lead to the denaturation of protein except: A: agitation. B: acid. C: cold. D: heat.

Unlike other nutrients, chemical digestion of proteins begins in the: A: stomach. B: mouth. C: esophagus. D: small intestine.

All of the following are correct about amino acid digestion and absorption except: A: amino acids can compete with each other for absorption across the small intestine and into the body. B: enzymes for amino acid digestion come from the liver. C: amino acid absorption involves transport systems that require energy. D: stomach acid activates the amino acid digesting enzyme known as pepsin.

Protein synthesis: A: occurs in the mitocondria. B: takes place on ribosomes in the nucleus. C: takes place on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. D: occurs in the nucleus on the chromosomes.

Which of the following proteins has contractile properties? A: actin B: collagen C: hemoglobin D: antibodies

Which of the following individuals is likely using body protein for energy? A: Sylvia, a pregnant woman B: Sue, who is on a very low calorie diet C: Michael, a student who snacks on chips and soda to stay awake and study D: Bob, who is 20 pounds overweight

A limiting amino acid: A: is the amino acid in food that is the hardest for the body to absorb. B: is the amino acid in food that is supplied in the lowest amount. C: is always nonessential. D: undergoes transamination to form a new amino acid.

All of the following are correct about kwashiorkor except: A: it is characterized by depletion of fat stores. B: it leads to poor immune function. C: it is characterized by a swollen belly. D: it is due to a dietary protein deficiency.

In developing countries, why is protein-energy malnutrition more common in children than in adults? A: All these are possible reasons why this condition is more common in children. You got it right B: Because children's protein intake is higher per unit of body weight. C: Because when a new child is born, the older child is no longer breast-fed. D: Because the child may not eat enough food to get adequate protein.

Consuming too much protein may be harmful to which organ? A: liver B: kidneys C: pancreas D: gall bladder

Which of the following can be life threatening? A: food allergies B: food intolerance C: high protein diets D: celiac disease

Sam is going to the gym every other day and is increasing his muscle mass by lifting weights. He is most likely experiencing: A: none of the choices are correct. B: nitrogen balance. C: positive nitrogen balance. D: negative nitrogen balance.

Which of the following is considered a complete dietary protein? A: broccoli B: spaghetti C: kidney beans D: whole grain rice

Which meal is relying on protein complementation to meet protein needs? A: green salad with cucumbers and tomatoes B: whole grain cereal, skim milk, and banana C: rice and bean burrito D: sweet potato, margarine, and a green salad

The vitamin that vegans are often deficient in is: A: vitamin B12. B: vitamin C. C: vitamin A. D: vitamin K.

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body in sufficient amounts are called: A: hydrolyzed proteins. B: complete proteins. C: essential amino acids. D: incomplete amino acids. E: nonessential amino acids.

Which one of the following is made from amino acids? A: lecithin B: triglycerides C: cholesterol D: glycogen E: enzymes

_______________ is the process of transferring an amino group from an amino acid to another molecule to form a second amino acid: A: Denaturation B: Hydrogenation C: Deamination D: Transamination

Which of the following groups requires the least protein per kilogram of body weight? A: pregnant women B: young children C: infants D: adult men

What element is found in amino acids but not in glucose and triglycerides? A: carbon B: phosphorous C: nitrogen D: oxygen E: hydrogen

Which of the following is least likely to be low in a vegan diet? A: vitamin D B: vitamin B12 C: calcium D: fiber E: iron

Which of the following values for nitrogen intake and output are most likely to belong to a healthy 9-year-old boy? A: nitrogen in = 14 g, nitrogen out = 16 g B: nitrogen in = 20 g, nitrogen out = 22 g C: nitrogen in = 15 g, nitrogen out = 15 g D: nitrogen in = 14 g, nitrogen out = 10 g

T/F When extra protein is consumed, it is stored in the muscle for later use. You got it wrong A: True B:False

When amino acids are broken down to generate energy or synthesize glucose, the amino group must be removed. What waste product is generated from it? A: urea B: free fatty acids C: carbon dioxide D: oxygen E: ketones

Which of the following is not a good example of protein complementation? A: sunflower seeds and peanuts B: lentils and rice C: corn and rice D: chickpeas and sesame seeds E: rice and beans

Which one of the following statements about children with kwashiorkor is false? A: Their fat stores are completely depleted. B: They are more susceptible to infections than healthy children. C: They do not grow well. D: They have swollen bellies.

The effective chemical digestion of protein in the stomach requires a/an _________ environment? A: acidic B: alkaline C: basic D: neutral

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the lining of the small intestine. A: True B:False

Amino acids are used to make all of the following except: A: creatine. B: histamine. C: melanin. D: vitamin D.

The food label must indicate whether the product contains any of the most common food allergens. A: True B:False

Kwashiorkor is an overall energy deficiency whereas marasmus is a protein deficiency. A: True B:False

When the diet does not provide enough energy to meet the body's needs (e.g. consuming a very-low-calorie-weight-loss diet) body protein is used to provide energy. A: True B:False

High-protein diets do not increase water loss. A: True B:False

The _________ amino acid is the essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration relative to the body's needs. A: essentiality B: framework C: limiting D: priority

Which of the following is not a common food allergen? A: chicken B: eggs C: low-fat milk D: wheat germ

Most of the nitrogen we lose is lost in/through our: A: feces. B: skin. C: sweat. D: urine.

_________ , an enzyme, is produced in the stomach and breaks some of the peptide bonds in polypeptide chains. A: Amylase B: Denaturase C: Dipeptidase D: Pepsin

You would expect that a child who is growing to be in ________ nitrogen balance. A: negative B: positive C: neither negative nor positive (equilibrium

Which of the following is the most likely responsible for the health-promoting effects (reduced incidence of obesity, high blood pressure, and some types of cancer) of vegetarian diets? A: high intake of fiber B: high intake of tofu C: low intake of sodium D: the total dietary pattern

A diet that provides 10% of calories from protein will meet the RDA for protein, but this is a relatively low-protein diet compared with typical eating patterns in the U.S. A: True B:False

Protein requirements per unit of body weight are _______ for infants and children than for adults. A: less B: the same C: greater

Most protein digestion occurs in the A: mouth. B: pancreas. C: small intestine. D: stomach.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps that occur in protein synthesis? A: translation → transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes B: mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translation → transcription C: transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translation D: mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → transcription → translation

Someone whose nitrogen output is greater than their nitrogen intake is said to be in A: nitrogen balance. B: positive nitrogen balance. C: negative nitrogen balance. D: There is insufficient information provided to determine the status.

The role of hydrochloric acid in protein digestion is to A: break down polypeptide chains. B: denature the protein. C: slow peristalsis. D: stimulate production of digestive enzyme in pancreas.

A food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a food that involves production of antibodies. A: True B:False

A diet that includes a variety of plant proteins can easily meet most people's protein needs. A: True B:False

Marasmus is a form of malnutrition that negatively impacts which of the following developing organs the worst? A: the brain B: the liver C: the kidneys D: the teeth

MyPlate and the Dietary Guidelines include recommendations regarding both animal and plant sources of protein to meet your need for protein and essential amino acids. A: True B:False

Transamination is the process by which transfer RNA reads the genetic code and delivers the needed amino acids to the ribosome. A: True B:False

If there is a shortage of an essential amino acid in the body, the absence of that amino acid limits protein synthesis. A: True B:False

As validated by evidence-based research, the major health concern with high-protein diets is A: dehydration. B: kidney stone formation. C: urinary calcium excretion. D: a high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.

Proteins have both structural and regulatory functions in the body. A: True B:False

Amino acids can be used by the body to make glucose and fatty acids. A: True B:False

Protein quality is a measure of how good the protein in a food is at providing the non-essential amino acids the body needs to synthesize proteins. A: True B:False

Because our bodies do not store protein, functional body proteins, such as enzymes and muscle proteins, must be broken down to yield amino acids. A: True B:False