Nutrition Chapter 4

25 July 2022
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Carbs have been rightly accused of being fattening ingredient of foods; therefore, we need to consume fewer starchy foods.
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False
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Most unrefined plant foods contain a mix of fiber types
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True
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The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.
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False
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The glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control.
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True
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Research has shown that eating too much carbohydrate can cause diabetes.
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False
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The increase in added sugars in the diet is the main cause of the increase in obesity today.
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False
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Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbs.
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Milk
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Complex Carbs
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Are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber.
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Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?
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Fructose
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When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form:
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Table sugar
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The disaccharides include:
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Sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
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Which of the following is not one of the complex carbs.
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Galactose.
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Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body?
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Glucose
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Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because:
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Their sugars are diluted in large volumes of water. They are packaged with fiber.
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The best known fibers include all of the following except:
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Glycogen
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Which of the following is not an example of fiber?
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Residue in milk
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Soluble fiber is described as "viscous" because it:
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Forms gels
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Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions?
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Carbs
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The best way to lose fat, maintain lean body tissues, and maintain the health of the body is to:
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Control total calories
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Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:
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Increased consumption of fiber-rich, whole food sources of carbs.
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According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain about " " percent of their daily energy from carbohydrates.
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45-65
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Which of the following is not an effect of fiber?
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Promotes weight gain and feeling of fullness.
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Which of the following foods would choose as an effective stool-softening agent?
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Oat bran
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Which of the following is not a major source of soluble fiber?
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Brown rice.
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All of the following are health benefits of insoluble fiber except:
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It lowers risk of diabetes.
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Which of the following foods has the greatest cholesterol lowering effect?
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Oat bran
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Potential harmful effects of too much fiber include:
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Dehydration Limited absorption of iron.
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A desirable intake of dietary fiber is " " grams daily, according to the American Dietetic Association.
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20-35
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The best way to achieve a desirable amount of fiber is to:
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Include fruits, vegetables, and grains in the diet. Emphasize whole, unprocessed foods.
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All of the following groups are particularly vulnerable to harmful effects of consuming too much fiber except:
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Adults
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Digestion of most starch begins in the:
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Mouth
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The form of starch that is most easily digested in the bod is:
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White flour
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Which of the following nutrients is not required by law to be added to refined grain products?
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Magnesium
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Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?
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Whole grain
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Which of the following would be the best calcium source for an adult with milk allergy?
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Canned salmon with bones.
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Which of the following statements is false concerning the splitting of glucose for energy?
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Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.
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Products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available are called:
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Ketone bodies.
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Approximately " " grams a day of carbs are needed to ensure complete sparing of body protein in an average-size person.
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130
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When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the:
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Pancreas
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The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elicits an insulin response as compared with pure glucose can be measured and ranked on a scale called the:
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Glycemic index.
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When selecting foods that have a lower glycemic index, which of the following would be recommended?
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Barley
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A friend complains of blurred vision, cravings for sweets, weakness, and excessive thirst and urination. These symptoms are suggestive of:
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Diabetes
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Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
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The person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas. The pancreas no longer produces insulin.
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Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except:
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A pancreas that makes too little or no insulin.
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Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?
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Weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle.
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The best diet for managing diabetes:
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Provides the recommended amount of fiber. Is adequate in protein
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Factors that can lead to the development of fasting hypoglycemia include all of the following except:
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Obesity
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Which of the following foods contains about 15 grams of carbohydrate?
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A slice of bread. 1/2 cup of cooked corn.
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With two exceptions, the " " food group provides almost no carbohydrate to the diet.
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Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts.
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To magnify the sweetness of foods without boosting their calories, you would:
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Serve sweet good warm Use small amounts of sugar substitutes in place of sucrose.
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It can be said that the energy we obtain from foods comes from the sun. This is because:
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Light energy from the sun is used in photosynthesis to create chemical energy in the plant.
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One of your friends makes the statement that her diet contains no sucrose because she does not consume table sugar. What would be an appropriate response to this statement?
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You're wrong, because sucrose occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables.
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Plants store sucrose as starch because:
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Glucose is soluble in water. The glucose would be washed away by rain.
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When glucose units are linked into polysaccharides these are differences among foods in the types of bonds that join these glucose units. Which of the following is an example of these bonds?
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Starch bonds which are found in plants and are highly digestible after cooking.
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Nutrition and health experts recommend that we include adequate fiber in our diet because of its properties during digestion. What is an example of these properties?
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The insoluble fiber that cannot be broken down and aids in easing elimination in the colon.
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You are trying to convince someone that a low-carb diet is undesirable. Reasons you would give to support your statement include:
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Fat is not normally used as fuel by the brain and nervous system. Gram for gram carbs donate fewer calories than dietary fats.
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Carbs are essential to provide energy for the body because:
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The glucose that is produced from them is vital to fuel most of the body's cells.
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You are teaching a client how to possibly lower blood cholesterol levels by consuming foods high in fiber. Which of the following foods would be least effective for this purpose?
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Whole-wheat breads.
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Fiber has been recommended in the diet for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol?
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Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces.
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It would be appropriate to recommend high-fiber foods to someone trying to lose weight because:
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Fiber promotes a feeling of fullness. Fiber may displace calorie-dense concentrated fats.
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If you are asked for advice on whether diets high in fiber can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply?
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A possible role of fiber in the colon cells healthy and resistant to chemical damage causing cell changes.
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Is it possible to have too much fiber in your diet?
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Yes, because some fibers bind with minerals and carry them out of the body.
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You have included one-half cup of sliced strawberries on your cup of cornflakes for breakfast. How many grams of fiber would you estimate you have eaten?
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3.5 grams
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When comparing the digestion and absorption of carbs in foods, the conversion to glucose will vary because:
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Disaccharides are easily split into monosaccharides in the intestine and absorbed.
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After chewing a piece of bread for awhile, you begin to experience a slightly sweet taste. This taste results from:
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The liberation of maltose from starch.
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When you are selecting the type of bread to buy that will provide the whole grain you need in your diet, the best selection would be:
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Rye bread
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How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread?
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Whole wheat bread is just as nutritious because it has been enriched with iron, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, and folate. Whole wheat bread is preferable because it is likely to contain several nutrients not added to white bread.
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Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance?
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Aged cheese. Yogurt
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Lactose intolerance can cause nutritional complications because:
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Inadequate calcium intake from avoiding dairy products can affect bone development.
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Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels, with:
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Epinephrine breaking down liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of dangers.
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What recommendations would you provide to someone trying to improve his workout?
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Eat a small snack rich in complex carbs two hours before the workout. Drink some extra fluid before the workout.
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Because there has been much interest in the health effects of the glycemic index of foods, researchers have found that:
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There is not enough evidence at this time to show that using the glycemic index to control carbs intake is beneficial for health.
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When considering the health concerns of diabetes it is important to remember that.
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If poorly controlled it can damage major organs tissues in the body
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One of the main reasons that obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes is because:
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Inflammation in the tissues triggers them to resist insulin.
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To provide adequate control of diabetes, one of the best dietary recommendations would be to:
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Insure that there is adequate fiber intake from food sources.
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Many people use products such as breath mints chewing gum that contain sugar alcohols. Is this good practice for health?
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Yes, because bacteria cannot metabolize sugar alcohols quickly enough to cause dental caries.
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Which of the following would be appropriate to try if you experience symptoms of postprandial hypoglycemia?
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Eat regularly timed meals. Consume balanced meals.
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What would be the best advice to give for physical activity for a person with diabetes?
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Regular physical activity is beneficial for controlling weight and tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes.
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A person states that they are having hypoglycemic symptoms when waking up. Your response to them is:
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You may want to check with your doctor because it could be a result of a medical complication.
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A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2100 calorie diet with 45% of the energy coming from carbs. How many grams of carbs would that be?
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236
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You are trying to decide which type of sugar to use, and want to choose the one that would have the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be:
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To select any of the sugars because none of them is "more healthy" than another.
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In the past three decades, carb intake in this country:
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Increased along with calorie intake.
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Sugar has been implicated by many people in some major health problems; however, the only effect of sugar on health that has been shown scientifically is that:
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In developing countries, added sugar is providing more energy to the diet while people are decreasing their physical activity.
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Research has shown the following relationship between carbs in the diet and body weight:
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Whole- food diets containing fiber favor a healthy body weight.
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Which of the following is most closely related to diabetes?
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Body fatness
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The form and glycemic load of carbs consumed in the diet has the following relationship with diabetes:
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Diabetes is rare when whole foods provide most of the carbs in a diet of moderate calories.
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In evaluating the potential link between high-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) and obesity, scientists have found that:
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People in the U.S. who consume the most HCFS from sugary beverages weigh more than people who do not consume as many of them.
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Which statement about the effects of fructose on lipid metabolism is accurate?
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Consumption of large amounts of purified fructose causes fat to accumulate in the blood and liver.
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What is the role of insulin in weight gain?
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People with insulin resistance gain more weight, especially with high carb diets.