Nutrition Chapter 4

25 July 2022
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question
The ________ converts galactose and fructose to glucose.
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liver
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The by-products of incomplete fat breakdown are known as ________ bodies.
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ketone
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Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by the
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pancreas
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Which of these carbohydrates is also known as table sugar?
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sucrose
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Epinephrine can stimulate ________ to quickly flood your blood with glucose.
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glycogenolysis
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Which of these carbohydrates is made from two glucose units joined together?
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maltose
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Too much sugar in the diet can increase the blood level of ________, the primary form of fat in your body.
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triglycerides
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When would glycogenesis occur?
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when there is excess glucose in the blood
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The sweetener ________ should not be given to infants younger than one year of age because of the risk of botulism.
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honey
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The process of photosynthesis produces which of the following?
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glucose
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The artificial sweetener Splenda contains ________, which is a modified sucrose molecule.
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sucralose
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Viscous fiber helps to lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with the reabsorption of ________ in the intestines.
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bile
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Which part of the grain kernel contains vitamin E and healthy unsaturated fats?
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germ
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Where do monosaccharides go after absorption?
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liver
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All of the following are correct about aspartame except that
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its trade name is Sweet 'N Low.
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Which is the starchy part of the grain kernel?
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endosperm
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Which of the following statements concerning sugar is correct?
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Sugar can contribute to dental caries.
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Approximately how long does it take for your liver glycogen stores to be depleted?
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18 hours
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Which of these carbohydrate is straight chains of glucose found in plants only?
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starch
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Which of the following sugar substitutes was removed by the National Toxicology Program from the list of substances that could potentially cause cancer?
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saccharin
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All of the following are different names for sugars except
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lignin.
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The DRIs recommend 18 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories consumed.
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FALSE
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Simple carbohydrates include the monosaccharides and disaccharides.
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TRUE
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Eating cheese has been shown to protect teeth from acid.
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TRUE
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Individuals who follow a low-carbohydrate diet are often in a state of ketosis.
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TRUE
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About 80 million people age 20 years and older have prediabetes.
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TRUE
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People who follow a low-carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis because
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they are unable to break down fat completely.
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Janelle never has time to eat between work and her evening nutrition class. It has been 7 hours since lunch and she is feeling hungry and weak. From where is she getting glucose to meet her energy needs?
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from liver glycogen
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Both fat and ________ are important sources of stored energy.
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glycogen
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Which of the following is true regarding diabetes in children?
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Type 1 is not the only type of diabetes seen in children.
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Symptoms of ________ include anxiety, turning pale, shakiness, and hunger.
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hypoglycemia
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Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?
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galactose
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Plants make glucose in a process called
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photosynthesis
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All sugar substitutes must be approved by the ________ before they are allowed in food products sold in the United States.
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FDA
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The ________ converts galactose and fructose to glucose.
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liver
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The creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as protein, is called
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gluconeogenesis.
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The sugar substitute aspartame is composed of two ________ acids.
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amino
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Nerve damage from diabetes can cause all of the following except
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cloudy vision and eventual blindness.
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The ________ index refers to the measured upward rise, peak, and eventual fall of blood glucose following the consumption of a carbohydrate-intense food.
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glycemic
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After the release of insulin, which of the following will not occur?
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Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as starch.
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Which food is most likely to promote dental caries?
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raisins
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Which of the following hormones will not increase your blood glucose level?
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insulin
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If poorly managed, diabetes can increase the likelihood of all of the following except
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breast cancer.
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Which is not a health benefit attributed to eating insoluble fiber?
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lowers risk of kidney disease
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Which of these carbohydrates is also known as milk sugar?
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lactose
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Which of the following is not correct about ketosis?
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It occurs when glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy.
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Being overweight puts a person at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes.
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TRUE
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Refined grains are more nutrient dense than whole grains.
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FALSE
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Insulin is not made in type 2 diabetes.
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FALSE
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Insulin can direct the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen or fat.
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TRUE
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Low-fat milk with 12 grams of lactose listed on its Nutrition Facts panel has had sugar added to it.
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FALSE
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The number one food or beverage source of added sugars in the United States is
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soda.
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The disaccharide lactose is composed of glucose and
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galactose.
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Which of the following is not correct about lactose intolerance?
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All dairy foods must be eliminated from the diet.
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Which is not correct about type 1 diabetes?
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Insulin is produced, but cells are not using it properly.
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Which statement is not true about enriched wheat bread?
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It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate that are found in whole wheat bread.
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What is the estimated minimum amount of carbohydrates that should be consumed daily, according to the latest DRIs?
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130 grams
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Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
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mouth
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Which statement is not correct regarding the amount of carbohydrate you should consume daily?
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The AMDR for carbohydrates is 20 to 35 percent of your total daily calories.
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Which of these carbohydrates is the storage form of glucose in animals?
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glycogen
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What is the function of glycogen?
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to store glucose in humans and animals
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The current DRIs recommend that you should consume ________ grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat.
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14
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Your ________ cells and red blood cells rely on glucose for energy.
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brain
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People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest
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milk sugar.
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The enzyme ________ begins the digestion of starch in the mouth.
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amylase
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It is safe to give honey is to children of any age.
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FALSE
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Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance.
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FALSE
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When fasting continues beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose.
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TRUE
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Being overweight increases the risk of type 1 diabetes.
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FALSE
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Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of cases of the disease.
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TRUE
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Diabetics can help avoid hypoglycemia by eating smaller, well-balanced meals throughout the day.
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TRUE
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When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released by the kidneys to lower the level.
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FALSE
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Research has shown that adults who eat more fruit have healthier body weights.
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TRUE
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All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichment process.
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FALSE
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The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles.
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FALSE
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Children can have type 1 diabetes but cannot have type 2 diabetes.
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FALSE
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The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that an intense regimen that controlled blood glucose had no effect on the development of complications from type 1 diabetes.
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FALSE
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Type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin injections or an insulin pump.
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TRUE
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Pectin is an insoluble fiber that moves quickly through the intestinal tract and has a laxative effect.
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FALSE
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The glycogen in meat and poultry is a significant source of calories in our diet.
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FALSE