Nutrition Chapter 3

Cells can best be described as: a. the basis of the body's design. b. the vital components of foods. c. self-contained living entities. d. building blocks of the body.

Among the cells' most basic needs are _____ and the oxygen with which to burn it. a. water b. essential nutrients c. building blocks d. energy

The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy and the essential nutrients, including: a. water. b. fuel. c. oxygen. d. carbon dioxide.

Which of the following determines the nature of the cell's work? a. organs b. mutations c. red blood cells d. genes

Cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves every: a. 3 days. b. 2 weeks. c. 4 months. d. 12 months.

Which of the following cells normally replace themselves once every few years? a. muscle b. skin c. digestive tract d. red blood

Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever? a. skin cells b. red blood cells c. muscle cells d. brain cells

The body's circulating fluids include: a. intracellular fluid. b. blood. c. lymph. d. a and b e. b and c

The blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the: a. heart. b. liver. c. digestive system. d. lungs.

Which of the following has the special task of chemically altering absorbed materials to make them better suited for use by other tissues? a. liver b. pancreas c. stomach d. small intestine

When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases: a. lymph. b. insulin. c. antibodies. d. glucagon.

Hormones are secreted and released into the blood by _____. a. antigens b. enzymes c. glands d. antibodies

Which of the following alert(s) your conscious mind to the sensation of hunger? a. hypothalamus b. stomach muscles c. taste buds d. a and b e. b and c

The nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the: a. pancreas. b. brain. c. digestive tract. d. spinal cord.

Which of the following does not occur as part of the stress response? a. The muscles tense up. b. The liver pours forth glucose from its stores. c. The digestive system speeds up. d. The fat cells release fat.

Which of the following are the first to defend the body tissues against invaders? a. phagocytes b. antigens c. T-cells d. B-cells

Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant? a. phagocytes b. T-cells c. B-cells d. antibodies

The inflammation that tissues undergo when they become injured or irritated: a. is an abnormal, unhealthy response to cell injury. b. results in decreased white cells. c. may involve loss of function of the affected body part. d. is difficult to detect because it has no obvious symptoms.

Most people have aversions to _____ tastes. a. sweet b. salty c. fatty d. bitter

The digestive tract needs _____, which provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work. a. energy b. fiber c. nutrients d. water

The primary organ of digestion and absorption is the: a. mouth. b. stomach. c. small intestine. d. large intestine.

The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient? a. protein b. carbohydrate c. fat d. fiber

The purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to: a. move food components through the intestinal tract to be removed from the body. b. reduce the absorbing surface of the intestines. c. trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells. d. prevent nutrients from being absorbed.

In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by: a. shrinking to a much smaller surface. b. expanding to a much larger surface. c. increasing intestinal muscle activity. d. increasing the amount of nutrients absorbed.

The major function of the kidneys is to: a. dilute wastes in water so they can recirculate in the body. b. capture nutrients and return them to the blood. c. excrete wastes from the body in urine. d. remove fluid from the bladder.

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into: a. glycogen. b. protein. c. fat. d. a and b e. a and c

Which of the following is characteristic of liver glycogen? a. It is stored for the body's ongoing glucose needs. b. It can be released into the blood as glucose. c. It represents a three-day supply of glucose. d. a and b e. b and c

Without food to replenish it, the liver's glycogen supply can be depleted within as few as: a. 1-3 hours. b. 3-6 hours. c. 4-8 hours. d. 6-9 hours.

The bones provide reserves of: a. vitamins. b. calcium. c. glycogen. d. a and b e. b and c

Which of the following is not one of the major storage sites that store nutrients for release to meet the cells' needs between meals? a. liver b. muscles c. fat cells d. pancreas