Nutrition 7

when resting, but awake, and in a fasting state

it represents about 60-75% of total calories used by a sedentary person during each day

a low calorie intake

energy content of food

includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting

represents the calorie needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food

physical activity accounts for 45-55% of total energy expenditure

5-10%

adaptive thermogenesis

125 to 250

the energy you require during sleep at night

direct calorimetry

indirect calorimetry

3000

2400

37%

the body mass index

27

she slightly exceeds the value at which health risks begin

24%

lung cancer

a low waist to hip ratio is indicative of it

when she ends the diet she regains additional body fat

5-pound weight loss per week

1 pound

overestimate the rate of weight loss

the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week

recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating

stimulus control

replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives

Android

weight watchers

eat calorie-dense foods higher in vegetable fat like nuts and seeds

it is a concentrated source of calories

a weight to which the body closely regulates

diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects

water, glycogen, and muscle tissue

losses of both fat and lean tissue

cognitive restructuring

weight watchers and take off pounds sensibly

31

amphetamines

to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat

they help people make permanent changes in eating habits

digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine

400 to 800

mindful eating

weight loss and weight maintenance will likely require more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week

heart rate monitor

fat

changing one's frame of mind regarding eating

also known as protein sparing modified fast, calories generally are consumed in liquid form

also called android obesity, associated with a high risk of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes

tracking foods eaten and conditions affecting eating

minimal energy the body requires to support itself when resting and awake

a condition characterized by a body mass index of 30 or more

metabolism that characteristically conserves more energy than normal so that it increases the risk of weight gain and obesity

body weight minus fat storage weight

a method of measuring a body's energy use by measuring its oxygen uptake and then using formulas to convert that gas exchange into energy use

a condition characterized by a body mass index below 18.5

breaking the link between two or more behaviors that encourage overeating, such as snacking while watching television

a method of determining a body's energy use by measuring heat that emanates from the body

altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating- for example, removing foods from sight

gynoid obesity, estrogen and progesterone encourage body fat storage in the buttocks and thighs

1,500 in, 1,500 out

2,200 in, 2,750 out

2,400 in, 1,800 out

having more fat being female vs male height and weight

pregnancy cigarettes

70

50

30

10

15

for every decade pas the age of 30, the body's basal metabolism declines by 1% to 2% due to the steady decrease of lean body mass

2,500 kilocalories per day

activity level

excess weight in the upper body places pressure on the lungs and pharynx

excess weight and enlarged adipose cells cause increases in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood clotting, and inflammatory factors

high fat and high cholesterol diet increase the cholesterol content of bile

high fat diet and weight gain lead to excessive fat accumulation in the liver

excess weight causes inflammation and reduced function of blood vessel cells

post menopausal women are more liekly than pre-meno women to experience this type of body fat distribution associated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 distribution high blood testosterone levels can cause this type of body fat apple shape

pear shape menstruating women with normal levels of estrogen and progesterone

31%

DEXA

fat from abdominal fat cells goes directly to the liver; this disrupts the liver's ability to use insulin and increased hepatic production of lipoproteins

male vs female more or less physical activity meals eaten vs meals eaten at restaurant

adults vs kids high ratio of fat to lean muscle tissue living in certain communities

Bill

Brenda

Tina

Louis

Wendy

Xenical

Fastin Belviq Qsymia Contrave

all of the above are patient selection criteria for surgical weight loss