Nutrition: 9

25 July 2022
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question
What proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?
answer
69%
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?
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More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight people
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What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?
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Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty
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Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
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Lipoprotein lipase
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The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to ____
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remove triglycerides from blood for storage
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The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in _____
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the activity of lipoprotein lipase
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Which of the following is a feature of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme?
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Its activities in men and women are sex related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body
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Obesity resulting from an increase in the number of fat cells is termed
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hyperplastic obesity
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Which of the following defines the body's set point?
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Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the rate of dietary fat oxidation?
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it is lower in obese people
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What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
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a genetic disorder resulting in obesity
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Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?
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Adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents
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On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?
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Hypothalamus
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What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation on leptin and gremlin?
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Leptin decreases while Grehlin increases
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Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance?
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Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat
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Why, in part, is weight loss more successful with exercise and also after bypass surgery?
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Ghrelin levels are relatively low
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What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue?
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Increased loss of energy as heat
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Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her maintain warm body temperatures during the cold?
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Brown fat
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the body's major types of adipose tissue?
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Little brown fat in adults...more is seen in infants
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Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?
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The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant
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Which of the following is a feature of taking diet histories to gauge energy intake?
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Both normal and obese people report inaccurate energy intakes
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Compared with non-obese people, obese people have a lower _____
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physical activity level
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Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance?
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Differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 calories per day
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Tonya is an overweight cigarette smoker. Which of the following risk factors would make it especially important for her to lose weight?
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family history of heart disease
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What percentage of people in the U.S. who use nonprescription weight-loss products have a normal weight?
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10%
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What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?
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The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures
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Clinically severe obesity is also known as
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morbid obesity
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Which of the following is a feature of prescription drug use for treatment of obesity?
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The use of "off label" drugs is common to take advantage of their modest weight loss effects
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The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating the utilization of
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norepinephrine
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Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and is taking drugs to lose weight. Which drug does not cause gastric discomfort?
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Phentermine
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What is the primary action of orlistat?
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It inhibits pancreatic lipase
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Which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity?
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It diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress
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Which of the following is a characteristic of liposuction?
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it results in a return of body fat within a year, primarily to the abdomen
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What proportion of U.S. adults have maintained a 10% weight loss for at least a year?
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1 in 6
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In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 10% of initial body weight is _____
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6 months
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What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long term basis for most overweight people?
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0.5 to 2 lbs per week
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What minimum amount of body weight loss is shown to improve physical capabilities and quality of life?
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5-10 lbs
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As a general rule, what minimum number of calories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?
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1200 kclaories
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As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men?
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1600 kcalories
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Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating?
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People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers
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Which of the following would be most effect at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?
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select less energy-dense foods
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Incorporating large quantities of low energy density foods in a diet is sometimes referred to as
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volumetrics
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Which of the following is a feature of meal eating?
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faster eating correlates with higher body weight
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What is the best approach to weight loss?
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Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure
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An important aid in any weight loss diet program is to
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Increase physical activity
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Which of the following describes a connection between physical activity and energy expenditure?
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The number of kcalories spent in an activity depends on body weight, intensity, and duration
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Which of the following is a feature of the use of artificial sweeteners to control body weight?
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They may lead to weight gain in some people
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Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?
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After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours
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A typical person who burns 200 kcalories during a 2 mile run would, in the post exercise period, burn an additional ____ kcalories
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40 kcals
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What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?
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Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood
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What is the chief reason that health care professionals advise people to engage only in low to moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines?
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Compliance is better
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Which of the following is a relation of "spot reducing" to exercise?
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No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body
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Individuals who are able to lose weight and successfully keep it off for at least a year typically
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E. Limit television to less than 10 hours per week
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Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain weight loss?
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2500 kcalories per week
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To help maximize the long term success of a person's weight loss program, which of the following personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual?
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Strongly believing that weight can be lost
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An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
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keep a record of your eating habits
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Which of the following is a feature of smoking and weight maintenance?
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People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 lbs in the first year
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Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in formerly obese people who have lost weight?
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Energy requirements are lower than expected for their current body weight
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How many calories does a 16 oz cafe mocha have?
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400 calories
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What is the energy density of hard boiled egg weighing 50 grams and delivering 78 kcalories?
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1.6
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Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach seems to be ______
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prevention
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Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are classified as underweight?
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2%
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The classification of underweight is achieved when the BMI first drops below ____
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18.5 BMI
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Among the following, which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?
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A high-calorie diet plus regular exercise
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Of the following, which is among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an underweight person?
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behavior modification
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What is the best meal-planning strategies for underweight people who desire to gain weight?
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eat meaty appetizers rather than salad
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Which of the following would be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?
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eat energy-dense foods
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Fad diets often produce weight loss, at least initially, because they _____
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are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcal/day
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Which of the following is a characteristic of most fad diets?
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They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake
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Jody is taking a nutrition class, and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet?
answer
"Once you complete this 6 month plan, you'll never have to diet again"