Nat Dis Ch4

25 July 2022
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29 test answers

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question
The slide-past motions of long transform faults occur in all but which of the following?
answer
Where the Indian subcontinent touches Asia.
question
The Pacific Plate subducts along _________ edges and creates enormous earthquakes, such as the 1923 Tokyo seism.
answer
its northern and western
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The greatest earthquakes in the world occur _____________.
answer
where plates collide with each other
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Shallow subduction zone earthquakes occur __________________
answer
All of these are correct
question
The Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee __________________
answer
are pull-apart basins and the result of strike-slip motion
question
Three basic classes of collisions include all but which of the following
answer
Continental plate versus mantle plate
question
Which of the following is not a divergent margin?
answer
Aleutian Island Arc
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Which of the following does not have a significant convergent margin?
answer
African Plate
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Most earthquakes are explainable using __________
answer
plate-tectonics theory
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__________ are the down-dropped areas in the middle of spreading-center domes that are being pulled apart.
answer
Rift valleys
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A triple junction is the point where __________
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three tectonic plates touch
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Which of the following correctly states the order in which a continental area is transformed into an ocean basin as a spreading center forms?
answer
Centering, doming, rifting, and finally spreading
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The seismic-gap method of earthquake forecasting works by identifying __________
answer
segments along a fault that not moved for the longest amount of time
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Using the seismic gap method, scientists identify section "C" of a fault as a seismic gap. Which of the following possible answers correctly states what this means?
answer
The next major earthquake will likely occur in section "C" but it is not a guarantee.
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When a number of earthquakes along in the same general area over the course of a few months or years, the event is referred to as a(n) _________
answer
earthquake cluster
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The ongoing collision between Asia and the subcontinent of India is resulting in _________
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great earthquakes over a gigantic area
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Which of the following sections along the San Andreas fault remained as a seismic gap as of late 2015
answer
The Crystal Springs area south of San Francisco
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How does a locked zone in a fault typically catch up with a creeping section
answer
By infrequent but large fault movements
question
Liquefaction occurs when seismic waves cause __________
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water to be injected into sediment causing the grains to lose cohesion and behave like a fluid
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The spreading-center segment at the southern end of California's Salton Sea is marked by all but which of the following?
answer
a lack of small earthquakes because magma is too close to Earth's surface
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Recent work has shown that the last major earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone occurred about 9 p.m. on 26 January 1700 and was about magnitude 9. This is known by _________________
answer
analysis of annual growth rings in trees of downed forests along the Oregon-Washington-British Columbia coast showing no rings after 1699 and Tsunami of 2-m (7-ft) height that hit Japan from midnight to dawn pointing to a 9 p.m. earthquake along the Washington-Oregon coast on 26 January 1700.
question
In 1985, because of the Michoacan earthquake many buildings collapsed and killed about 8,000 people in Mexico City, even though the city lies 350 miles from the epicenter. All but which of the following caused this?
answer
Collapse of thousands of single-story frame houses
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In the 1989 Loma Prieta quake, the Marina District building collapses were extensive, and numerous destructive fires broke out, due to all but which one of the following?
answer
Widespread looting and arson
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Constraining bends in large strike-slip faults commonly "lock up"; thus, movements there tend to be __________
answer
infrequent and large
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The best time for an earthquake to occur to minimize loss of life is __________.
answer
during the night when most people are home and asleep
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In San Francisco's Marina district in 1989, some fill underwent permanent deformation and settling, and some formed slurries as underground water and loose sediment flowed like a fluid in a process known as __________
answer
liquefaction
question
. The largest earthquakes along western North America are due to subduction beneath the continent. They include __________
answer
the plates subducting beneath Oregon and Washington which generated a magnitude 9 earthquake on 26 January 1700
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The __________ segment of the San Andreas fault is the only one not to have a long rupture in historic time. In prehistory, it has ruptured every 250 years on average, but the last big movement was in 1690.
answer
southern
question
On 9 January 1857, the San Andreas fault segment between Cholame and San Bernardino broke loose at its northwestern end, and the rupture propagated southeastward in the great __________ earthquake with a magnitude of about 8.3.
answer
San Francisco