Monopolistic Competition And Oligopoly

25 July 2022
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In the short-run, a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm sets its price:
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above marginal cost.
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Concentration ratios may be inaccurate indicators of the degree of monopoly power in an industry because:
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foreign competition is not considered.
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The more elastic a monopolistic competitor's long-run demand curve, the:
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lower its average total cost at its profit maximizing level of output.
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As a general rule, oligopoly exists when the four-firm concentration ratio:
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is 40 percent or more.
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Inefficiencies occur under monopolistic competition because:
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each firm's downsloping demand curve is tangent to the ATC curve in the long run.
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Nonprice competition refers to:
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advertising, product promotion, and changes in the real or perceived characteristics of a product.
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The mutual interdependence that characterizes oligopoly arises because:
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a small number of firms produce a large proportion of industry output.
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A significant benefit of monopolistic competition compared with pure competition is:
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greater product variety.
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Clear-cut mutual interdependence with respect to the price-output policies exists in:
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oligopoly.
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The kinked-demand curve of an oligopolist is based on the assumption that:
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competitors will follow a price cut but ignore a price increase.
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In the short-run, the price charged by a monopolistically competitive firm attempting to maximize profits:
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may be either equal to ATC, less than ATC, or more than ATC.
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For a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium:
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price will equal average total cost.
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T/F: Homogenous oligopolists tend to advertise more than do differentiated oligopolists.
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false
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The monopolistic competition model assumes that:
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firms will engage in nonprice competition.
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T/F: The excess capacity problem associated with monopolistic competition implies that fewer firms could produce the same industry output at a lower total cost.
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true
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The four-firm sales concentration ratio for an industry measures the:
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extent to which the four largest firms dominate the production of a good.
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Use your basic knowledge and your understanding of market structures to answer this question. Which of the following companies most closely approximates a monopolistic competitor?
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Subway Sandwiches
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T/F: The demand curve of a monopolistically competitive firm is more elastic than that of a pure monopolist.
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True
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The restaurant, legal assistance, and clothing industries are each illustrations of:
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monopolistic competition.
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The monopolistically competitive seller's demand curve will become more elastic the:
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larger the number of competitors.
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T/F: Mutual interdependence means that oligopolistic producers rely on price competition in determining their shares of the total market for their product.
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false
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If an oligopolist is faced with a marginal revenue curve that has a gap in it, we may assume that:
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its demand curve is kinked.
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T/F: Oligopolists use limit pricing to maximize short-run profits.
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False
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Oligopoly is difficult to analyze primarily because:
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the price and output decisions of any one firm depend on the reactions of its rivals
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The price elasticity of a monopolistically competitive firm's demand curve varies:
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directly with the number of competitors, but inversely with the degree of product differentiation.
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Aluminum competes with copper in the market for power transmission lines. This illustrates:
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interindustry competition.
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T/F: Generally speaking, the larger the number of firms in an oligopolistic industry, the more difficult it is for those firms to collude.
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True
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If competing oligopolists completely ignore oligopolist X's price changes, then X's:
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demand curve will be more elastic than if the other oligopolists matched X's price changes.
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Nonprice competition refers to:
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product development, advertising, and product packaging.
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In long-run equilibrium monopolistic competition entails:
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an underallocation of resources.
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If an oligopoly is faced with a kinked-demand curve that is relatively elastic above, and relatively inelastic below, the going price, then it will:
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decrease total revenue by either increasing or decreasing price.
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T/F: Firms are more likely to collude when the economy is in a recession.
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False
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Which of the following industries is an illustration of homogeneous oligopoly?
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aluminum
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In which of these continuums of degrees of competition (highest to lowest) is oligopoly properly placed?
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pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, pure monopoly
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T/F: The larger the number of firms and the less the degree of product differentiation, the greater will be the elasticity of a monopolistically competitive seller's demand curve.
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True
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Monopolistic competition means:
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many firms producing differentiated products.
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Concentration ratios:
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may understate the degree of competition because they ignore imported products.
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Which of the following statements is correct?
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In the long run purely competitive firms and monopolistically competitive firms earn zero economic profits, while pure monopolies may or may not earn economic profits.
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Homogeneous oligopoly exists where a small number of firms are:
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producing virtually identical products.
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T/F: Monopolistically competitive sellers produce efficiently because they obtain only normal profits in the long run.
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false
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The economic inefficiencies of monopolistic competition may be offset by the fact that:
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consumers have a number of variations of the product from which to choose.
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T/F: The monopolistically competitive seller maximizes profits by equating price and marginal cost.
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False
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Which of the following is the best example of oligopoly?
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automobile manufacturing
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Prices are likely to be least flexible:
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in oligopoly.
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In the long run, new firms will enter a monopolistically competitive industry:
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until economic profits are zero.
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T/F: Two industries that have the same 4-firm concentration ratio can have significantly different Herfindahl indexes.
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True
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In the long-run, economic theory predicts that a monopolistically competitive firm will:
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have excess production capacity.
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Use your basic knowledge and your understanding of market structures to answer this question. Which of the following companies most closely approximates a differentiated oligopolist in a highly concentrated industry?
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Ford Motor Company
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In monopolistically competitive markets resources are:
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underallocated because long-run equilibrium occurs where price exceeds marginal cost.
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Monopolistically competitive and purely competitive industries are similar in that:
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there are few, if any, barriers to entry.