How is penetration different in animal viruses as compared to bacterial viruses?
answer
The entire viral particle penetrates an animal cell, while only the viral genome penetrates a bacterial cell.
question
Which of the following are viable methods of release of newly assembled viral particles?
answer
budding or lysis of host cell
question
Lysogenic viral DNA integrating into the host genome is referred to as
answer
a prophage.
question
Which of the following events might trigger induction of a temperate bacteriophage?
answer
Exposure to UV light
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How is the lytic cycle different from the lysogenic cycle with respect to the infected host cell?
answer
The host cell dies during the lytic stage.
question
What is the fate of the prophage during the lysogenic stage?
answer
It is copied every time the host DNA replicates.
question
Which of the following examples is an example of lysogenic conversion?
answer
Vibrio cholerae bacteria produce cholera toxin when infected with a phage.
question
What are the minimal components needed for a virion?
answer
capsid and genome
question
When describing the viral genome, which terms could be used?
answer
A. ds RNA
B. ss DNA
C. ds DNA
D. All of the listed responses are correct.
question
A retrovirus has a genome that consists of __________.
answer
ssRNA
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How are viruses different from cells?
answer
They require a host in order to reproduce.
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What is the function of the structural elements of a virus?
answer
To package and protect the viral genome
question
In which stage is the viral DNA introduced into the cell?
answer
Penetration
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In which stage does formation of mature viruses occur?
answer
Assembly
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The host DNA is usually degraded during which stage?
answer
Biosynthesis
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What would be the fate of a lytic bacteriophage if the host cell died prior to the assembly stage?
answer
The virus would not be able to infect new hosts.
question
We sometimes are able to generate antibodies (immune system proteins) that bind to and cover up some of the proteins on the outermost portion of a virus while it is in the bloodstream. This renders the virus unable to reproduce. Which step of viral replication are antibodies directly preventing?
answer
attachment
question
Enveloped viruses have a layer of lipids surrounding their capsid. This envelope is made mostly of host cell membrane. In which step does the virus acquire this envelope?
answer
release
question
What occurs during viral uncoating?
answer
The capsid breaks apart, releasing the viral genome.
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