Microbiology I: Week 6 Quiz

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves: C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane. production of inflammatory cytokines. the assembly of a ring-shaped protein that forms holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes. cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. initiation of the cascade.

Plasma cells: produce and secrete antibodies. are derived from T-lymphocytes. function in blood clotting. function in cell-mediated immunity. All of these choices are correct.

Antigen presenting cells: engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic. include macrophages. include dendritic cells. hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface. All of these choices are correct.

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is: bile. lysozyme. histamine. hydrochloric acid. lactic acid.

The contribution of B-cells is mainly in: inflammation. complement activity. cell-mediated immunity. phagocytosis. humoral immunity.

Cody is 4 months old and is given a DTaP injection by his pediatrician as part of the routine immunization schedule. What type of immunity will develop as a result of this? natural passive immunity artificial active immunity natural active immunity artificial passive immunity

The DTaP immunization contains tetanus toxoid. contains a pertussis vaccine with acellular capsule material. is administered in childhood. contains diphtheria toxoid. All of these choices are correct.

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the: eosinophils and macrophages. macrophages and monocytes. basophils and neutrophils. neutrophils and macrophages. natural killer cells.

An example of artificial active immunity would be: giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox.

Helper T-cells: function in allergic reactions. activate B-cells and other T-cells. directly destroy target cells. secrete antibodies. suppress immune reactions.

An example of natural passive immunity would be: chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.

The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is: IgA. IgM. IgE. IgD. IgG.

An individual has been born with Kartagener's syndrome, a disorder of microtubules that impairs the motion of cilia and flagella. What type of infections would you predict would be most common in this individual? uterine oral respiratory gastric

Diapedesis is the: migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. production of only red blood cells. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding.

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the: urinary tract. digestive tract. skin. respiratory tract. eyes.

All of the following are the results of complement activation, except: lysis of bacterial cells. increased antibody production. enhanced inflammation. opsonization which enhances phagocytosis.

Which of the following would be a likely outcome if an individual had neutrophils that were incapable of diapedesis? numerous allergies repeated bacterial infections reduced numbers of circulating neutrophils inadequate production of antibodies poor blood clotting

Edward Jenner's work involved: immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one. development of passive immunotherapy. inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity. development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox. All of these choices are correct.

T/F: A disadvantage of using an attenuated live microbe in a vaccine is that it can conceivably mutate back to a virulent strain.

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following, except: pain. swelling. chills. redness. warmth.

Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis? complement fixation neutralization anamnestic response opsonization agglutination

Each of the following will enhance and promote phagocytosis, except: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines. interaction of TLRs and PAMPs. deposition of interferon on bacterial cells. deposition of complement fragments on bacterial cells.

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism? Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils Anatomical barriers in the body Interferon T-cell and B-cell responses Inflammatory response

Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except: flushing action of tears and blinking. phagocytic white blood cells. nasal hairs. the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. flushing action of urine.

All of the following are correct about lymph, except: its composition is similar to plasma. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart. it is made mostly of water. it travels in vessels similar to blood vessels. it transports numerous white blood cells.

All of the following are types of agranulocytes because they do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm when stained, except: lymphocytes. basophils. T-cells. B-cells. monocytes.

Which of the immunizations would carry the greatest risk for immunocompromised patients? toxoids subunit vaccines attenuated vaccines killed, inactivated vaccines immune serums

Cody is 4 months old and is given a DTaP injection by his pediatrician as part of the routine immunization schedule. What type of immunity will develop as a result of this? artificial passive immunity natural passive immunity natural active immunity artificial active immunity

The most numerous WBCs, that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are: neutrophils. lymphocytes. basophils. eosinophils. monocytes.

All of the following are characteristics of IgM, except it has 10 antigen binding sites. it can fix complement. it is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell. it contains a central J chain. it is a dimer.

Toxoids: contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses. contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. confer passive immunity. are always genetically engineered. All of these choices are correct.

Antitoxins: use vaccinia virus with genetic material of bacterial toxins. contain antibodies to neutralize specific toxin. contain purified, chemically denatured bacterial exotoxin. include capsule material against the pneumococcus and meningococcus. contain attenuated organisms.

An example of artificial passive immunity would be: giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox.

Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action? IL-1 IFN IL-6 TNF chemokines

All of the following are types of granulocytes because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules when stained, except: basophils. eosinophils. neutrophils. monocytes. They are all granulocytes.

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines: confer passive immunity. contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses. contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. are always genetically engineered. All of these choices are correct.

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are: lysozymes. interferons. complements. pyrogens. leukotrienes.

All the following are events of early inflammation, except: capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema. brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. exudate and pus can accumulate. chemical mediators and cytokines are released.

Nonspecific chemical defenses include: stomach hydrochloric acid. lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. lysozyme. All of these choices are correct.