Microbiology Chp. 5 Microbial Metabolism

25 July 2022
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question
What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8?

a
b
c
d
e
What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8? a b c d e
answer
a
question
A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy By glycolysis only. By aerobic respiration only. By fermentation or aerobic respiration. Only in the absence of oxygen. Only in the presence of oxygen.
answer
By glycolysis only.
question
Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme, -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? Citric acid -ketoglutaric acid NAD+ NADH ADP
answer
NADH
question
Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source? Photoheterotroph - light Photoautotroph - CO2 Chemoautotroph - Fe2+ Chemoheterotroph - glucose Chemoautotroph - NH3
answer
Photoautotroph - CO2
question
Beggiatoa bacteria get energy by oxidizing S2- to S6+. This means they take ________ for their ________. electrons; electron transport chain electrons; fermentation protons; NAD+ sulfur; photophosphorylation glucose; glycolysis
answer
electrons; electron transport chain
question
Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is false? It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP. No final electron acceptor is required. It occurs in glycolysis. The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP. It occurs in the Krebs cycle.
answer
The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP.
question
How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?

Glycolysis
Fermentation
Photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4? Glycolysis Fermentation Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation
answer
Substrate-level phosphorylation
question
Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy? Chemoautotroph Chemoheterotroph Photoautotroph Photoheterotroph
answer
Chemoheterotroph
question
In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 come from CO2. H2 C6H12O6. Sunlight. Chlorophyll.
answer
H2
question
Which of the following is true about this reaction?

This process requires O2.
This process occurs anaerobically.
Which of the following is true about this reaction? This process requires O2. This process occurs anaerobically.
answer
This process requires O2.
question
A shipping company employee notices that the inside of ships' hulls where ballast water is stored are deteriorating. The hull paint contained cyanide to prevent microbial growth. Bacteria were growing on the hulls. You can therefore conclude that the Bacteria were using aerobic respiration. Bacteria were using anaerobic respiration. Bacteria were growing by fermentation. Bacteria were using cytochromes. Bacteria were photosynthetic.
answer
Bacteria were growing by fermentation.
question
An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT Allosteric inhibition. Competitive inhibition. Feedback inhibition. Noncompetitive inhibition. Beta oxidation.
answer
Competitive inhibition.
question
Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in Figure 5.1?

Isocitric acid and -ketoglutaric acid
-ketoglutaric acid and NAD+
NAD+
NADH
NADH and isocitric acid
Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in Figure 5.1? Isocitric acid and -ketoglutaric acid -ketoglutaric acid and NAD+ NAD+ NADH NADH and isocitric acid
answer
NAD+
question
Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration? Cytochromes Flavoproteins A source of electrons Oxygen Quinones
answer
Oxygen
question
Which of the following is true about this reaction?

This process requires O2.
This process occurs anaerobically.
Which of the following is true about this reaction? This process requires O2. This process occurs anaerobically.
answer
This process requires O2.
question
What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration? It is reduced to lactic acid. It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle. It is oxidized in the electron transport chain. It is catabolized in glycolysis. It is reduced in the Krebs cycle.
answer
It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.
question
Fatty acids are catabolized in The Krebs cycle. The electron transport chain. Glycolysis. The pentose phosphate pathway. The Entner Doudoroff pathway.
answer
The Krebs cycle.
question
Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+ Fe3+. This reaction is an example of Oxidation. Reduction. Fermentation. Photophosphorylation. The Calvin-Benson cycle.
answer
Oxidation
question
In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled (1) is

NAD+.
ATP synthase.
Plasma membrane.
Cell wall.
Cytoplasm.
In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled (1) is NAD+. ATP synthase. Plasma membrane. Cell wall. Cytoplasm.
answer
Plasma membrane.
question
What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2?

Decarboxylation
Transamination
Dehydrogenation
Oxidation
Reduction
What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2? Decarboxylation Transamination Dehydrogenation Oxidation Reduction
answer
Transamination
question
Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. What is the most likely explanation? The maltose is toxic. O2 is in the medium. Not enough protein is provided. The temperature is too low. The temperature is too high.
answer
O2 is in the medium.
question
Which of the following is true about this reaction?

This process requires O2.
This process occurs anaerobically.
Which of the following is true about this reaction? This process requires O2. This process occurs anaerobically.
answer
This process occurs anaerobically.
question
Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy? Chemoautotroph Chemoheterotroph Photoautotroph Photoheterotroph
answer
Chemoautotroph
question
Which of the following is true about this reaction? This process requires O2. This process occurs anaerobically.
answer
This process occurs anaerobically.
question
Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon? Chemoautotroph Chemoheterotroph Photoautotroph Photoheterotroph
answer
Photoheterotroph
question
Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to Increase. Decrease. Stay the same.
answer
Decrease.
question
Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors The complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and H2O The production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation The production of ethanol from glucose
answer
The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors
question
The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?

a
b
c
d
e
The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature? a b c d e
answer
b
question
A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely Fermenting the glucose. Oxidizing the glucose. Using the peptides. Not growing.
answer
Using the peptides.
question
How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3? It would bind to a. It would bind to b. It would bind to c. It would bind to d. Can't tell.
answer
It would bind to b.
question
Refer to Figure 5.8. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed?

a
b
c
d
e
Refer to Figure 5.8. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed? a b c d e
answer
d
question
Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is false? Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll. The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy. Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP. It requires CO2. It occurs in photosynthesizing cells.
answer
It requires CO2.
question
In noncyclic photophosphorylation, O2 is produced from CO2. H2O. C6H12O6. Sunlight. Chlorophyll.
answer
H2O.
question
Cyanobacteria are a type of Chemoautotroph. Chemoheterotroph. Photoautotroph. Photoheterotroph.
answer
Photoautotroph.
question
Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2. The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP. The energy released in the reduction of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP. The transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to ADP.
answer
The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP.
question
In Figure 5.8, the path labeled (2) is the flow of

Electrons.
Protons.
Energy.
Water.
Glucose.
In Figure 5.8, the path labeled (2) is the flow of Electrons. Protons. Energy. Water. Glucose.
answer
protons
question
The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following EXCEPT Precursors for nucleic acids. Precursors for the synthesis of glucose. Three ATPs. NADPH. Precursors for the synthesis of amino acids.
answer
Three ATPs.
question
Which of the following statements about beta oxidation is false? It is a method of catabolizing fatty acids. It involves the formation of 2-carbon units. It involves the formation of acetyl-CoA. It is a step in glycolysis. It is used in petroleum degradation.
answer
It is a step in glycolysis.
question
Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false? It involves glycolysis only. It involves the Krebs cycle. It involves the reduction of nitrate. It generates ATP. It requires cytochromes.
answer
It involves glycolysis only.
question
Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate?

a
b
c
d
e
Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate? a b c d e
answer
c
question
In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced?

a
b
c
d
e
In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced? a b c d e
answer
e
question
A urease test is used to identify Myobacterium tuberculosis because Urease is a sign of tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis produces urease. Urea accumulates during tuberculosis. Some bacteria reduce nitrate ion. M. bovis can cause tuberculosis.
answer
M. tuberculosis produces urease.
question
The rates of O2 and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O2. Then O2 was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that These bacteria don't use O2. These bacteria get more energy anaerobically. Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation. These bacteria can't grow anaerobically.
answer
Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation.
question
Which statements are true? 1-Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2-ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways. 3-ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 4-Anaerobic organisms are capable of respiration. 5-ATP is generated by the flow of protons across the cell membrane. 2, 4, 5 1, 3, 4 2, 3, 5 1, 2, 3 All
answer
2, 4, 5
question
Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme? Dehydrogenase Cellulase Coenzyme A B-galactosidase Sucrase
answer
Coenzyme A