Identify the phases of meiosis I described below.
Homologous chromosomes are separated.
Homologous chromosome are paired.
Nuclear envelopes form around separated chromosomes.
The centrosome replicates.
answer
anaphase 1
prophase 1
telophase 1
metaphase 1
question
Identify the phases of Meiosis II described below.
Chromosomes are lined up by spindle fibers.
Nuclear envelope forms around each set of DNA.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
Centromeres move toward the poles of the cell.
answer
metaphase II
telophase II
anaphase II
prophase II
question
Explain the relationship between crossing over and genetic variation.
answer
What information did you include in your response?
Crossing over is the process by which genetic material is exchanged by non-sister chromatids during meiosis.
Crossing over results in a new combination of genetic information for the cell for a specific trait.
Crossing over ensures that organisms are not identical from generation to generation.
Genetic recombination allows for a variation in genetic material that is passed through the generations.
question
Explain how independent assortment occurs in cells and explain its importance.
answer
What information did you include in your response?
Independent Assortment is the second law of inheritance
Traits are passed from parents to offspring independently of one another.
Independent assortment is random and occurs during Metaphase I of meiosis.
There are two possible alignments for the chromosomes.
Since the alignments are random and not assigned, genetic variation occurs.
question
Which discovery did Gregor Mendel make?
Traits are inherited independently of each other.
Traits are inherited as a tetrad.
Traits are inherited as homologous pairs.
Traits are inherited as a set, from one parent.
answer
Traits are inherited independently of each other.
question
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over of chromosomes occur?
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
answer
prophase I
question
How many chromosomes does a child inherit from his or her parents?
23 from the mother and 23 from the father
46 from the mother
46 from the father
46 from the mother and 46 from the father
answer
23 from the mother and 23 from the father
question
Why is meiosis important for organisms?
It allows for genetic variation among organisms.
It determines which genes are dominant and which are recessive.
It produces genetically identical cells.
It provides a means of asexual reproduction.
answer
It allows for genetic variation among organisms.
question
Which consist of sperm cells and egg cells?
gametes
tetrads
diploids
chromosomes
answer
gametes
question
Genetic variation occurs through genetic recombination.
mc011-1.jpg (The one with the chromosomes in the cells)
Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram?
independent assortment
fertilization
crossing over
sexual reproduction
answer
independent assortment
question
The diagram illustrates one method of genetic recombination.
mc014-1.jpg (With just the pink and blue chromosomes)
Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram?
crossing over
independent assortment
fertilization
tetrad formation
answer
crossing over
question
Which best illustrates how Gregor Mendel used creativity that lead to scientific discovery?
He noticed that traits were passed on from parents to offspring.
He chose a parent generation and carefully studied its traits.
He used pea plants to study the patterns of heredity.
He observed how specific traits were passed from parent to offspring.
answer
He used pea plants to study the patterns of heredity.
question
Three cells undergo meiosis. How many haploid cells are produced?
3
6
9
12
answer
12
question
Which definition correctly describes a haploid cell during meiosis?
a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
a cell that has two complete sets of chromosomes
a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell
a cell that has one complete set of chromosomes
answer
a cell that has one complete set of chromosomes
question
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
one
two
three
four
answer
two
question
Which is a homologous chromosome pair?
chromatid
zygote
gamete
tetrad
answer
tetrad
question
In his study of pea plants, Gregor Mendel used which method to produce offspring?
cross-pollination, by using parents that had identical traits
cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits
self-pollination, by using one parent
random pollination, by using both identical- and different-trait matings
answer
cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits
question
Which three processes are methods of genetic recombination?
natural selection, crossing over, and independent assortment
crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization
independent assortment, fertilization, and natural selection
fertilization, natural selection, and crossing over
answer
crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization
question
Which process of genetic recombination involves genes from both parents?
crossing over
independent assortment
fertilization
tetrad formation
answer
fertilization
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