Masteringbio Chapter 22 Study

Which of the following statements about natural selection is true? a. Natural selection occurs in opposition to evolution. b. Natural selection favors individuals that reproduce more than others. c. Natural selection can be used by farmers to generate organisms with desirable traits. d. Natural selection is a process whereby genes are selected randomly for preservation in the next generation.

Which term describes a trait that increases an individual's ability to survive in a particular environment? a. Heritability b. Evolution c. Adaptation d. Fitness

Which term describes the ability of a trait to be passed on to offspring? a. Evolution b. Heritability c. Adaptation d. Fitness

Which of the following organisms could be produced by artificial selection? a. A cow that produces a large quantity of milk. b. A chimpanzee that communicates through sign language. c. A rabbit that is housebroken. d. A dog that serves as the "eyes" for a blind individual.

Which pair of chickens should a farmer breed to produce larger chickens? a. Small hen, large rooster b. Large hen, large rooster c. Small hen, small rooster d. Large hen, small rooster

Which of the following crosses would produce the highest corn yield with the highest resistance to drought? a. A and E b. B and B c. C and E d. A and B

Darwin's thinking while on the Beagle was greatly influenced by his reading of a book written by _____. a. Lyell b. Bishop Ussher c. Shakespeare d. Wallace e. Chaucer

According to this climatograph, London experiences more precipitation during _____ than during any other month. a. January b. February c. October d. July e. June

Which of these is a consequence of uniformitarianism? a. Populations reproduce faster than their food supply. b. Earth is round, not flat. c. A Creator made Earth. d. Earth is very old. e. Populations evolve.

The Argentinean pampas are a type of _____. a. tropical forest b. grassland c. desert d. temperate deciduous forest e. chaparral

At the fossil site at Punta Alta, Darwin found evidence _____. a. that the pampas could support large mammals b. that extinction does not happen c. of divine creation d. that Brazilian flatworms were a type of slug e. of extinction

Patagonia is a _____. a. savanna b. desert c. chaparral d. tropical forest e. grassland

His experiences with Fuegians and slavery convinced Darwin that differences among all peoples are primarily _____ differences. a. genetic and height-related b. cultural and genetic c. due to height d. genetic e. cultural

Species in hot climates tend to _____ compared to species in cold climates. a. have smaller surface-to-volume ratios b. experience less interspecific competition c. have less fear of humans d. have larger surface-to-volume ratios e. be less colorful

In the Andes, at elevations of 12,000 feet, Darwin collected fossilized marine shells. The existence of marine shells at this altitude provided evidence that _____. a. Earth's surface does not change b. geologic processes occur at a rapid rate c. the deposit had been gradually uplifted to its present location d. someone carried them from the oceans and left them on the mountains e. marine organisms can survive at great elevation

The Galápagos Islands are located _____. off the coast of Brazil a. off the coast of California b. in the Antarctic c. Off the coast of Ecuador d. in the Arctic

Why were the Galápagos Islands so important to Darwin's formulation of natural selection? a. They provided evidence in support of uniformitarianism. b. They are where Darwin did most of his writing. c. The Galápagos Islands are the only place in the world where finches are found. d. The species found on the Galápagos Islands are also found in Australia. e. Each island in the Galápagos possessed unique species.

Which of these lists contains the four postulates of natural selection? a. Variation in population, environmental variation, selection, differential survival or reproduction b. Variation in population, heritable variation, selection, differential survival or reproduction c. Variation in population, heritable variation, selection, unlimited survival and reproduction d. Uniform population, heritable traits, selection, differential survival or reproduction

Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection? a. Drug resistance exists among all individuals in a population. b. Heritable variation exists for traits among individuals in a population. c. Environmental variation exists for traits among individuals in a population. d. Heritable variation does not exist among individuals in a population.

Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection? a. Individuals experience uniform success in their ability to survive or reproduce. b. Individuals experience no success in their ability to survive or reproduce. c. Individuals experience unlimited success in their ability to survive or reproduce. d. Individuals experience differential success in their ability to survive or reproduce.

Does the ability of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell to infect a new host depend on its drug-resistant phenotype? a. No, drug-susceptible cells and drug-resistant cells are equally likely to infect a new host. b. Yes, drug-resistant cells can infect a new host more easily than drug-susceptible cells. c. Yes, drug-susceptible cells can infect a new host more easily than drug-resistant cells.

Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment? a. The drug-susceptiblity trait is an adaptation to the environment of antibacterial soaps. b. The drug-susceptiblity trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin. c. The drug-resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts travel worldwide and are exposed to new strains of bacteria. d. The drug-resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin.

In the United States today, about half of the corn crop is genetically engineered with a protein that is toxic to corn borers, an insect pest of corn. Which of the following conditions would be necessary for evolution of resistance to the toxic protein to occur in the corn borer? a. The corn borers must experience no success in their ability to survive or reproduce. b. The corn borer must have or generate (by mutation) heritable variation in resistance to the toxic protein. The resistant corn borers must survive better or reproduce more than nonresistant corn borers. c. The corn borers must experience unlimited success in their ability to survive or reproduce. d. The corn borer must lack variation in resistance to the toxic protein.

True or false? It would be difficult to assess whether the drug-susceptible or drug-resistant phenotype in a population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was more fit in an environment without antibiotics. a. True b. False