Mastering Biology Notes I

double fertilization

pollen grains

a tough seed coat

stigma, style, and ovary

anther and filament

the sticky stigma

Angiosperms

Double fertilization in the life cycle of seed plants results in the production of a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm nucleus

mature ovary

Ciliates, a single cell of ciliate is much more complex than any one cell in our body

Each mitochondrion has its own DNA molecule

Mitochondria

heterosporous: produce separate male and female spores

Pollen, the use of airborne pollen to bring gametes together is a terrestrial adaptation

Seedless Vascular plants, and Seed plants

gymnosperms, and angiosperms

a seed plant that does not produce flowers

a seed plant that does produce flowers

- cycads - ginkgos - gnetophytes - conifers

palmlike leaves

a fanlike appearance, and only one living species today

3 genera that vary greatly in appearance

- redwoods - pines - and all species produce cones

- have seeds that do not form in an enclosed structure - undergo alternation of generations

a type of cell division in which a diploid cell divides and forms haploid cells

a type of cell division in which the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell

the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female reproductive structures

refers to the fusion of gametes

is diploid, and develops in to the sporophyte

- divides by MEIOSIS to form HAPLOID microspores, - the microspores then divide by MITOSIS to form HAPLOID male gametophytes (pollen grains)

- a DIPLOID mother cell divides by MEIOSIS to form a HAPLOID megaspore - the megaspore then divides by MITOSIS to form the HAPLOID female gametophyte, which produces eggs

- a result in a diploid embryo inside a seed,

it forms a DIPLOID seedling (sporophyte) that will eventually develop into a mature DIPLOID sporophyte

Mesozoic

female gametophytes

female gametophyte

presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule

"naked seed"