Mastering Biology Chapter 9

Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? A) Oxidation. B) Reduction. C) Electronegativity. D) Polarity.

Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other? A) Proton and electron. B) Ionic and covalent. C) Polar and nonpolar. D) Anion and cation.

Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule? A) Oxygen acts as the electron acceptor and is oxidized. B) Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero. C) The electron in each hydrogen atom is completely transferred to the oxygen atom, and each hydrogen atom has a net charge of +1. D) There is equal sharing of the electrons between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms, and the net charge is zero.

Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions? A) Changes in potential energy can be released as heat. B) The reactant that is oxidized loses electrons. C) A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron. D) The electron acceptor is reduced

What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride? A) Nonpolar covalent. B) Redox. C) Polar covalent. D) Ionic.

Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energy Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed? A) Hydrogen, polar. B) Oxygen, polar. C) Oxygen, nonpolar. D) Hydrogen, nonpolar

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration? A) transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work B) producing complex molecules from chemical building blocks C) catabolism of sugars and related compounds D) the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water E) breaking down ATP, so that ADP and P can be reused

Which of the following describes the process of glycolysis? A) It converts one glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate and carbon dioxide. B) It represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell. C) Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. D) Glycolysis produces 30 ATP from each molecule of glucose. E) It requires ATP and NADH

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 1

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. A) substrate-level phosphorylation B) photosynthesis C) cellular respiration D) photophosphorylation E) oxidative phosphorylation

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? A) NADH B) FADH2 C) pyruvate D) ATP

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation? A) ADP B) FADH2 C) hexokinase D) NADPH E) ATP

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. A) 3 B) 2 C) 5 D) 4 E) 1

Which statement about the citric acid cycle is correct? A) The citric acid cycle depends on the availability of NAD+, which is a product of glycolysis. B) The oxidation of compounds by the citric acid cycle requires molecular oxygen. C) The citric acid cycle produces most of the ATP that is subsequently used by the electron transport chain. D) The citric acid cycle oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide. E) The last reaction in the citric acid cycle produces a product that is a substrate for the first reaction of the citric acid cycle.

Which molecule is metabolized in a cell to produce energy for performing work? A) ADP B) Phosphate C) ATP D) Glucose

True or false? The potential energy in an ATP molecule is derived mainly from its three phosphate groups. A) True B) False

Which process is not part of the cellular respiration pathway that produces large amounts of ATP in a cell? A) Electron transport chain B) Glycolysis C) Krebs cycle D) Fermentation

Which step of the cellular respiration pathway can take place in the absence of oxygen? A) Krebs cycle B) Fermentation C) Electron transport chain D) Glycolysis

Into which molecule are all the carbon atoms in glucose ultimately incorporated during cellular respiration? A) Water B) ATP C) NADH D) Carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true? A) The electron transport chain is the first step in cellular respiration. B) Water is the last electron acceptor. C) NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to the chain. D) Electrons gain energy as they move down the chain

Which stage of glucose metabolism produces the most ATP? A) Krebs cycle B) Glycolysis C) Fermentation of pyruvate to lactate D) Electron transport and chemiosmosis

True or false? The reactions that generate the largest amounts of ATP during cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria. A) True B) False

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+ A) oxygen B) pyruvate C) NADH D) lactate E) NAD+

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs? A) NAD+ is oxidized. B) ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. C) The cytochromes phosphorylate ADP to form ATP. D) The pH of the matrix increases. E) The electrons gain free energy.

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during A) the citric acid cycle. B) oxidative phosphorylation. C) glycolysis. D) electron transport. E) lactate fermentation

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____. A) carbon dioxide, ethanol, NADH, and ATP B) pyruvate C) lactate and NAD+ D) carbon dioxide, ethanol, and NAD+ E) lactate, NADH, and ATP

In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized. A) pyruvate ... NADH B) lactate ... NADH C) NADH ... lactate D) NAD+ ... pyruvate E) lactate ... ethanol