Mastering Biology Chapter 13

The letter A indicates _____. The figure shows the complex of globules containing eight subunits. Around each of these globules filamentary structure forms about two turns. Letter A marks the filamentary structure. Letter B marks one of the globules. Letter C marks one subunit of the globule.

Where would RNA polymerase attach? The figure shows the complex of globules containing eight subunits. Around each of these globules filamentary structure forms about two turns. Letter A marks the filamentary structure. Letter B marks one of the globules. Letter C marks one subunit of the globule.

The letter C indicates _____. The figure shows the complex of globules containing eight subunits. Around each of these globules filamentary structure forms about two turns. Letter A marks the filamentary structure. Letter B marks one of the globules. Letter C marks one subunit of the globule.

What is this an image of? The figure shows a cylinder, which is formed by spirally stranded fiber. The cylinder is hollow inside.

What is this an image of? The figure shows a thread. It is undulating. From this undulating thread, larger waves are formed.

Video Tutor Session Quiz: DNA Structure

In the accompanying image, a nucleotide is indicated by the letter _____. The figure shows the double stranded DNA. Each letter marks the definite element of the DNA. Letter A marks the full turn of DNA. Letter B marks chemical compound, which is a structural element of DNA. Letter C marks two chains of DNA and the bonds between them. Letter D marks one chain of the DNA.

Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule?

This is an image of a(n) _____. The figure shows a chemical compound, which consists of one phosphate group, ribose, and nitrogenous base.

The letter A indicates a _____. The figure shows a chemical compound, which consists of three parts. The first, marked A, contains a phosphorus atom with four oxygen atoms. Two oxygen atoms have negative charge. The second, marked B, represented by the five-membered ring, of which one carbon is replaced with an oxygen atom. Letter C marks the six-membered ring, which contains nitrogen atoms.

A nitrogenous base is indicated by the letter _____. The figure shows a chemical compound, which consists of three parts. The first, marked A, contains a phosphorus atom with four oxygen atoms. Two oxygen atoms have negative charge. The second, marked B, represented by the five-membered ring, of which one carbon is replaced with an oxygen atom. Letter C marks the six-membered ring, which contains nitrogen atoms.

You can tell that this is an image of a DNA nucleotide and not an RNA nucleotide because you see a _____. The figure shows a chemical compound, which consists of three parts. The first, marked A, contains a phosphorus atom with four oxygen atoms. Two oxygen atoms have negative charge. Letter B marks a pentagon with an O at its top vertex and a CH2OH attached above its left vertex. One can numerate carbon atoms clockwise starting from next to O. Then OH group is attached below to third carbon atom. The hydroxyl of the fifth carbon connects with the part A. The second carbon atom connects with the part C. Letter C marks the six-membered ring, in which the second and the fourth carbons are replaced with N atoms with -NH2 group attached to the first carbon, with an O atom attached to the third carbon by a double bond, and with double bonds between the first and the second, the fifth and the sixth atoms in the ring.

Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Which of these is(are) pyrimidines? The figure shows two types of nitrogen bases. The first type contains two bases: guanine, marked A, and adenine, marked B. The second contains three other: C, D, E. The bases A and B consist of a six-membered ring attached to five-membered ring. The bases C, D, and E have only six-membered ring in their structure.

In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon.

Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction.

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

This is an image of a _____. The figure shows a particle, which consists of a hexagonal head, collar, tail and several tail fibers at the end.

Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage?

The radioactive isotope 32P labels the T2 phage's _____.

Hershey and Chase used _____ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins.

After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material.

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the two strands of nucleic acids that make up DNA?

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____.

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

The action of helicase creates _____.

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.

DNA replication is said to be semiconservative. What does this mean?

What process repairs damage to a preexisting double helix?

When cells divide or multiply, the DNA must be copied, or replicated. All known organisms replicate their DNA by a method known as semi-conservative replication, in which each of the two strands of the parent DNA becomes part of the daughter DNA. Complete the following vocabulary exercise related to DNA replication. Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.

The diagram below shows a bacterial replication fork and its principal proteins. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the diagram to describe the name or function of each structure. Use pink labels for the pink targets and blue labels for the blue targets.

What are chromosomes made of?

Which of these DNA molecules is the shortest?

Which of these DNA molecules is the shortest? Click to launch animation

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____.

The sticky end of the DNA restriction fragment shown here will pair with a DNA restriction fragment with the sticky end _____. The figure shows the part of the DNA. One strand from left to right reads T G C A G A A T T C. The second strand, which is complementary to the first, reads backwards C T T A A G, excluding the first four nucleotides.

What information can not be obtained from the sequence of a gene?

What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

True or false? Comparison of the sequences of the same gene across species can give some insight into the existence of a common ancestor with that gene.

True or false? The Taq enzyme is a type of DNA polymerase that allows researchers to separate the DNA strands during the annealing step of the PCR cycle without destroying the polymerase.

How many DNA molecules would there be after four rounds of PCR if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?

During which step in the PCR cycle are nucleotides used?

During which step in the PCR cycle do primers form bonds with a single-stranded template?

In recombinant DNA experiments, what is used to cut pieces of DNA and what joins the resulting fragments to form recombinant DNA?

This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 1? The figure shows a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Comparing the samples from top to bottom, DNA fingerprint can be divided into five rows. Each of them is marked by a definite letter. At row A, there are three bands: wide at the victim, narrow at the suspect one, and wide at the crime scene. At row B, there are four bands: wide at the victim, wide at the suspect one, narrow at the suspect two, and wide at the crime scene. At row C, there are three narrow bands at the victim, at the suspect two, and at the crime scene. At row D, there are three bands: narrow at the victim, wide at the suspect two, and narrow at the crime scene. At row E, there are three bands: wide at the victim, narrow at the suspect two, and wide at the crime scene.

This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 2? The figure shows a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Comparing the samples from top to bottom, DNA fingerprint can be divided into five rows. Each of them is marked by a definite letter. At row A, there are three bands: wide at the victim, narrow at the suspect one, and wide at the crime scene. At row B, there are four bands: wide at the victim, wide at the suspect one, narrow at the suspect two, and wide at the crime scene. At row C, there are three narrow bands at the victim, at the suspect two, and at the crime scene. At row D, there are three bands: narrow at the victim, wide at the suspect two, and narrow at the crime scene. At row E, there are three bands: wide at the victim, narrow at the suspect two, and wide at the crime scene.

Why is Suspect 1 considered more likely to have committed the crime than Suspect 2? The figure shows a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene. Suspect 1 and the victim have one DNA fragment in common. Suspect 2 and the victim have one DNA fragment in common. Suspect 1 and the crime scene sample have four DNA fragments in common. Suspect 2 and the crime scene sample have one DNA fragment in common. Suspect 1 and Suspect 2 have no DNA fragments in common.