Mastering Bio Immune System

macrophage...Macrophages are phagocytic leukocytes.

Helper T cells....Specific helper T cells recognize specific antigen-class II MHC complexes. The result of this is an activated helper T cell that stimulates both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.

plasma cells....develop from B cells that have been stimulated by the interleukin-2 secreted by helper T cells.

perforin ... cell-mediated.......Perforin causes the lysis of pathogen-infected body cells; it is a component of the cell-mediated immune response.

B cells ... plasma cells and memory cells...The antigen-selected proliferation of B cells produces clones of plasma cells and memory cells.

memory cells....responsible for the rapidity of the secondary immune response and for long-term immunity.

plasma cells...are clones of antibody-secreting B cells.

false..... The injured tissue releases chemicals that begin the inflammatory response.

there is an increased blood flow to the injured tissues due to dilation of arterioles in the injured area.....The localized increase in blood flow is often seen as redness surrounding the injured tissue as histamine relaxes the smooth muscle in the vessels.

They release chemicals that dilate blood vessels at the wound site....Mast cells release histamine, which causes dilation of arterioles and leads to increased blood flow to the injured tissue.

the swelling of the tissue and the chemicals released from certain cells....The swelling and the chemicals may both stimulate surrounding sensory neurons and this brings about pain.

histamine, which causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax; this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot....Histamine, released by the mast cells, causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax and ultimately leads to the heat apparent in the infected tissue.

Bacterial cells use ATP to fuel cellular activities.

2-4-3-1

mode of metabolism....While this can affect the danger of a pathogen, it is not a major factor.

utilize B cells and T cells...The action of B cells and T cells is triggered only by a specific antigen.

Viruses require a host cell in which to reproduce.

contain one-way valves to prevent the backflow of fluid.... Both veins and lymphatic vessels contain one-way valves.

removes damaged red blood cells from circulation...The spleen destroys old and damaged red blood cells.

basophil: secretes histamine

destruction of cytokines....Cytokines are part of the body's defense in cell-mediated immunity.

less effective than the secondary immune response

administration of immunosuppressive drugs matching the MHC tissue antigens matching the ABO blood group antigens

HIV specifically impairs the cell-mediated immune response.

Anaphylactic shock

Capsule....The gelatinous capsule that covers some bacteria helps them attach to the tissues that they will infect.

true....Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, which is an asexual process in which one parent cell splits in two to give rise to identical daughter cells.

256....The bacteria would double 6 times in 2 hours, so the total number of bacteria in the egg salad would be 256.

innate external defenses....innate external defenses (surface barriers) are the first line of defense and include tears, mucus membranes, and the skin.

innate internal defenses....the macrophage recognizes many molecules found on pathogens that are not present on normal body cells.

plasma B cells....the plasma B cells make antibodies in response to specific antigens.

an antigenic determinant..also called an epitope, the antigenic determinant is the specific part of an antigen that the antibody or lymphocyte antigenic determinant receptor binds to.

humoral immunity..involves antibodies that can be transferred from one person to another.

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)....cell-mediated immunity involves an intracellular pathogen such as a virus.

Cytotoxic T cells....cytotoxic T cells attack cancer cells, since they are part of cell-mediated immunity.

Plasma cells are part of the MHC system....This statement is false. Plasma cells are effector B cells and not part of the MHC system. Therefore, this is the correct answer.

Cytotoxic T cells punch holes in the membranes of infected host cells....This event causes infected host cells to burst and die and prevents the virus from spreading to other cells.

macrophages....Macrophages are phagocytic cells that can ingest pathogens; they can also present antigens to helper T cells.

memory helper T cells and effector helper T cells...Helper T cells can develop into both memory helper T cells and effector helper T cells.

antibodies....Antibodies defend the system by precipitating antigens, promoting lysis, attracting phagocytes, and neutralizing toxins.

rabies

Viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material.

false

contain one-way valves to prevent the backflow of fluid.... Both veins and lymphatic vessels contain one-way valves.

false

They are all part of the first line of defense....All participate in preventing a pathogen from entering the body.

macrophages; pyrogens...Pyrogens are produced by macrophages and do produce fever.

T helper cell

the immune system fails to recognize "self" cells...Autoimmune disorders occur when the body fails to recognize "self" cells and attacks its own cells as foreign.