Management Final Exam Chapter 12

According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a motivating factor? A. supervisors B. pay C. company policy D. the work itself E. Working conditions

Of the following, which is not a core job characteristic? A. teamwork B. skill variety C. task identity D. autonomy E. task significance

When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should A. set targets that are beyond employees' reach. B. set goals that are easily achievable. C. help workers understand and accept the goals. D. set general goals that are emotionally appealing. E. hold employees responsible for getting feedback.

A sales commission is an example of a ______ compensation plan. A. profit-sharing B. gainsharing C. pay-for-performance D. pay-for-knowledge E. Scanlon

A manager should administer punishment in public in front of employees because the embarrassment enhances the punishment and its effectiveness. A. True B. False

In using reinforcement, a manager should A. save rewards for weekly or monthly celebrations. B.reward both desired and undesired behavior. C. clearly communicate the desired behavior. D. give all employees the same rewards to ensure fairness. E. avoid using punishment.

____________ is the theory that attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated while behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. A. Two-factor theory B. Acquired needs theory C. Reinforcement theory D. Expectancy theory E. Equity theory

A supervisor told a salesperson who had not made any calls to clients and therefore did not make quota, "Well, if this continues in the next 30 days, you'll probably be let go." The supervisor provides an example of _____ by presenting the likely negative outcome to the salesperson. A. punishment B. extinction C. positive reinforcement D. intrinsic motivation E. negative reinforcement

_______ is the use of desirable consequences to strengthen a particular behavior. A. Intrinsic motivation B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive reinforcement D. Constructive feedback E. Extinction

______ involves division of an organization's work among its employees and applies motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance. A. Job development B. Job simplification C. Job enrichment D. Job enlargement E. Job design

Which of the following is the best statement of a goal? A. Be late to work less often. B. Give your very best effort. C. Get through most of those reports by 9/1. D. Reduce production errors by 10 percent by the end of the quarter. E. Increase customer satisfaction.

_______ perspectives are theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act. A. Reinforcement B. Process C. Needs-based D. Cognitive E. Job design

Sharon has excelled as an auditor for a large financial consulting firm. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Sharon likely has a A. high need for affiliation. B. low need for achievement. C. low need for affiliation. D. low need for power. E. high need for achievement.

To be most motivating, goals should be specific and challenging but achievable. A. True B. False

_____ is the weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced. A. Negative reinforcement B. Extinction C. Intrinsic motivation D. Positive reinforcement E. Punishment

Paula's management professor just told her class that the final exam is optional for students like Paula who currently have an A. Paula decides to take the exam anyway because she likes the subject and wants to master the material. Paula is motivated to take the exam by a(n) A. intrinsic reward. B. physiological need. C. hygiene factor. D. high need for power. E. extrinsic reward.

__________ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation. A. Job development B. Job rotation C. Job enrichment D. Job enlargement E. Job design

To use positive reinforcement, give praise to employees not for showing up for work on time (an expected part of any job) but for showing up early. A. True B. False

According to goal-setting theory, goal setting helps motivate you by doing all the following except A. making obstacles become challenges to be overcome, not reasons to fail. B. taking attention away from real work. C. regulating the effort expended. D. directing your attention toward goal-relevant tasks and away from irrelevant ones. E. making it more likely you will realize success.

It has been two years since any employee has received a bonus at Tech Outlet, and the possibility of getting one no longer seems to motivate employees. In this case, management has inadvertently applied A. extinction. B. punishment. C. intrinsic motivation. D. negative reinforcement. E. expectancy.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, in the zone between the motivating factors and the hygiene factors, employees are A. unmotivated. B. satisfied. C. neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. D. stagnant. E. dissatisfied.

An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their _______ needs. A. self-actualization B. esteem C. love D. physiological E. safety

After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory. A. performance B. valence C. expectancy D. outcomes E. instrumentality

______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative. A. Punishment B. Positive reinforcement C. Extinction D. Intrinsic motivation E. Negative reinforcement

Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation? A. self-determination theory B. two-factor theory C. acquired needs theory D. job characteristics model E. goal-setting theory

A technician who is responsible for keeping an airport's control tower's electronic equipment in working order has higher ____________ than a person wiping down cars in a carwash. A. task identity B. feedback C. autonomy D. skill variety E. task significance

After three shuttle accidents in three months, one of which resulted in a critical injury to a driver, Citywide Shuttle drivers received additional training, and the company retrofitted all shuttles with new braking systems. Which of Maslow's needs are addressed by Citywide Shuttle's actions? A. safety B. esteem C. love D. physiological E. self-actualization

Those with a high need for achievement may be the least efficient managers because they may resist making decisions that make others resent them. A. True B. False

For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers A. are interested only in compensation that helps them fulfill physiological needs. B. have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck. C. expect an employer to fulfill every level in their hierarchy of needs. D. have needs that cannot be understood by their employer. E. are as complex as their organization.

John's manager just told his team about this year's contest, the winner of which will receive an all-expense-paid trip to Bangkok. John does not like to travel to places where he can't speak the language, so he is not very enthusiastic. This reward has a high valence for John. A. True B. False

Maslow's levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are A. self-actualization, esteem, love, safety, and physiological. B. safety, love, esteem, self-actualization, and physiological. C. physiological, safety, self-actualization, esteem, and love. D. safety, physiological, esteem, love, and self-actualization. E. physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? A. Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory B. Herzberg's two-factor theory C. McClelland's acquired needs theory D. equity theory E. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to A. pass up promotional opportunities. B. support organizational change. C. be a whistle-blower. D. show improved safety practices. E. seek additional education.

Even when he started his first job, Will was not content to be just one of the employees. His boss noticed that he often coached his coworkers about ways to improve their work, even when it wasn't his job. Will probably has a A. high need for achievement. B. high need for affiliation. C. high need for attention. D. low need for achievement. E. high need for power.

At his review last year, Bryan was promised a 20 percent raise if he met his production goals. Raises were included in today's paychecks, and although Bryan has met all of his goals, he received only a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Bryan's ______ will probably be ______. A. instrumentality; high B. valence; low C. expectancy; low D. instrumentality; low E. expectancy; high

Which of the following is not a practice used to create a flexible workplace? A. job sharing B. gainsharing C. telecommuting D. part-time work E. compressed workweeks

According to Herzberg's theory, the first thing managers of employees who dislike their jobs should do is to A. provide opportunities for achievement. B. publicly recognize good performance. C. create opportunities for personal growth and advancement. D. make sure pay levels, policies, and working conditions are reasonable. E. increase employees' responsibility and opportunity for leadership.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, only ______ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs. A. growth B. affiliation C. motivating D. hygiene E. security

As a maintenance person for the air force, Alex services aircraft engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and increases their ability to conduct missions. Alex's job has a high level of A. task significance. B. task identity. C. skill variety. D. autonomy. E. feedback.

The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it is A. goal-setting theory. B. equity theory. C. reinforcement theory. D. expectancy theory. E. two-factor theory.

______________ is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships. A. Esteem theory B. Equity theory C. Hygiene theory D. Expectancy theory E. Goal-setting theory

______ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome. A. Expectancy B. Reinforcement C. Valence D. Effort E. Instrumentality

A Scanlon plan is a type of ______ compensation plan. A. pay-for-knowledge B. pay-for-performance C. benchmarking D. gainsharing E. profit-sharing