Macroeconomics Exam 1

25 July 2022
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Even though local newspapers are very inexpensive, people rarely buy more than one of them each day. This fact:
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implies that, for most people, the marginal benefit of reading a second newspaper is less than the marginal cost.
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In deciding whether to study for an economics quiz or go to a movie, one is confronted by the idea(s) of:
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scarcity and opportunity costs.
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Suppose that a university decides to spend $1 million to upgrade personal computers and scientific equipment for faculty rather than spend $1 million to expand parking for students. This example illustrates:
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opportunity costs
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The Latin term "ceteris paribus" means:
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other things equal
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Suppose an economist says that "other things equal, the lower the price of bananas, the greater the amount of bananas purchased." This statement indicates that
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all factors other than the price of bananas (for example, consumer tastes and incomes) are assumed to be constant.
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Which of the following is associated with macroeconomics?
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An empirical investigation of the general price level and unemployment rates since 1990.
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Which of the following statements pertains to macroeconomics?
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National income grew by 2.7 percent last year.
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Macroeconomics can best be described as the:
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study of the large aggregates of the economy or the economy as a whole.
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Microeconomics:
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is concerned with individual economic units and specific markets.
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Which of the following is a microeconomic statement?
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The price of personal computers declined 4.7 percent last year.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Microeconomics focuses on specific decision-making units of the economy; macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole.
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A normative statement is one that:
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is based on value judgments
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A positive statement is one that is:
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objective and based on facts
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Ben says that "an increase in the tax on beer will raise its price." Holly argues that "taxes should be increased on beer because college students drink too much." We can conclude that:
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Holly's statement is normative, but Ben's is positive.
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Brinley says that "gas prices are rising because there aren't enough oil refineries." Katie argues that "gas prices are rising because of the growing demand for gasoline from China and India." We can conclude that:
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Brinley's statement is normative; Katie's statement is positive.
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The alternative combinations of two goods that a consumer can purchase with a specific money income is shown by:
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a budget line
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An increase in money income:
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shifts the consumer's budget line to the right.
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Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of a command system?
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Central planning.
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Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of laissez-faire capitalism?
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Minimal government intervention.
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Examples of command economies are:
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Cuba and North Korea.
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The term "laissez-faire" suggests that:
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government should not interfere with the operation of the economy.
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Command systems are also known as:
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communism
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The regulatory mechanism of the market system is:
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competition
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Specialization in production is important primarily because it:
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results in greater total output.
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Barter:
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entails the exchange of goods for goods.
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Five fundamental questions
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What goods and services will be produced? How will the goods and services be produced? Who will get the goods and services? How will the system accommodate change? How will the system promote progress?
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If competitive industry Y is incurring substantial losses, output will:
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contract as resources move away from industry Y.
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The economic function of profits and losses is to:
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signal that resources should be reallocated
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If a competitive industry is neither expanding nor contracting, we would expect:
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economic profits to be zero
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The competitive market system:
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encourages innovation because successful innovators are rewarded with economic profits.
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The most efficient combination of resources in producing a given output is the combination that:
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minimize the cost per unit of output.
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The market system's answer to the fundamental question "How will the goods and services be produced?" is essentially:
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"In ways that minimize the cost per unit of output."
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The market system's answer to the fundamental question "Who will get the goods and services?" is essentially:
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"Those willing and able to pay for them."
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"Consumer sovereignty" refers to the:
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idea that the decisions of producers must ultimately conform to consumer demands.
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Which of the following best describes the invisible-hand concept?
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The desires of resource suppliers and producers to further their own self-interest will automatically further the public interest.
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The invisible hand promotes society's interests because:
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individuals pursuing their self-interest will try to produce goods and services that people in society want and are willing to purchase.