Judicial Review

11 October 2022
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Judicial Review
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Judicial review refers to the power of a court to review a statute, treaty or administrative regulation for constitutionality or consistency with a a superior law.
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Oral Argument
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An attorney's spoken statements and presentation before a court supporting or opposing the legal relief at issue.
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Precedent
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(civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions
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Petition of Certiorari
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a petition asking the U.S. Supreme court to hear a case is called a______
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Docket
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A docket is an official court record book which lists all the cases before the court and which may also note the status or action required for each caselog containing brief entries of court proceedings.
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Majority Opinion
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Majority opinion in a case is that written by one judge and joined by majority of the judges considering a given case.
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Concurring Opinion
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A concurring opinion is one which agrees with the court's decision, but offers further commentary. It is used to explain the reasoning of a particular judge. A concurring opinion may agree with the outcome decided in the court's opinion, but would have reached the same result for a different reason.
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Dissenting Opinion
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A dissenting opinion is the opinion of a judge of a court of appeals, including the U.S. Supreme Court, which disagrees with the majority opinion.
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Grand Jury
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A jury of 12 to 23 persons who, in private, hear evidence presented by the government to determine whether persons shall be required to stand trial. If the jury believes there is sufficient evidence that a crime was committed, it issues an indictment.
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Brief
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A document stating the facts and points of law of a client's case
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Original Jurisdiction
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Person who files the law suit
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Petitioner
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Respondent refers to the party who responds to a pleading in a civil matter. A party against whom an appeal is brought is also called a respondent.
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Solicitor General
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who is the US attorney
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Judicial Restraint
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A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures
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Judicial Activism
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An interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court)
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Respondent
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The person who is getting the law suit filed against them